{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:43:35Z","timestamp":1793724215807,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Although rare, tibial tubercle avulsion fracture must be considered in the differential diagnosis for the pediatric patient presenting with acute knee pain.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb In the adolescent population, tibial tubercle avulsion fracture is a rare injury that is typically seen in boys who engage in sporting activities that involve jumping or sprinting.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb The proximal tibial physis closes distally in the posteromedial to anterolateral direction, creating an environment that predisposes the tubercle to a potential avulsion injury.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Historically, the Ogden classification has guided nonoperative and operative management of this condition.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Multiple fracture fixation methods have been described with the overall goal of restoring the extensor mechanism and the joint surface.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.19.00186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T11:48:50Z","timestamp":1587210530000},"page":"e0186-e0186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Tibial Tubercle Avulsion Fractures in Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6588-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendell W.","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-466X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Symone M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2647-2260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan","family":"Vopat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, Kansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4388-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendell M.R.","family":"Heard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6125-8169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary K.","family":"Mulcahey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"r1-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2006.04.008","article-title":"Simultaneous bilateral avulsion fractures of the tibial tuberosity in adolescence: a case report and review of over 50 years of literature","volume":"13","author":"Hamilton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"2","key":"r2-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198603000-00013","article-title":"Tibial tubercle avulsions","volume":"6","author":"Bolesta","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"r3-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(02)00061-5","article-title":"Acute tibial tubercle avulsion fractures","volume":"34","author":"McKoy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"r4-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318271bb05","article-title":"Tibial tubercle fractures: complications, classification, and the need for intra-articular assessment","volume":"32","author":"Pandya","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"r5-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000313","article-title":"Simultaneous bilateral tibial tubercle avulsion fracture in a male teenager: case report and literature review","volume":"27","author":"Nicolini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"5","key":"r6-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-019-02390-x","article-title":"Management of pediatric tibial tubercle fractures: is surgical treatment really necessary?","volume":"29","author":"Checa Beteg\u00f3n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"r7-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-15-00328","article-title":"Lower extremity avulsion fractures in the pediatric and adolescent athlete","volume":"25","author":"Schiller","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"r8-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062020-00006","article-title":"Fractures of the tibial tuberosity in adolescents","volume":"62","author":"Ogden","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"r9-20230807","first-page":"491","article-title":"The insertion of the ligamentum patellae on the tibial tuberosity. Some views in connection with the Osgood-Schlatter lesion","volume":"121","author":"Ehrenborg","year":"1961","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"r10-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000488","article-title":"Outcomes and complications of tibial tubercle fractures in pediatric patients: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"36","author":"Pretell-Mazzini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"194","key":"r12-20230807","first-page":"181","article-title":"An unusual avulsion fracture of the proximal tibial epiphysis. Case report and proposed addition to the Watson-Jones classification","author":"Ryu","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"r13-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072090-00024","article-title":"Avulsion fracture of the tibial tubercle with avulsion of the patellar ligament. Report of two cases","volume":"72","author":"Frankl","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"r14-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3182968984","article-title":"Operatively treated type IV tibial tubercle apophyseal fractures","volume":"33","author":"Pace","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"r15-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B2.2312561","article-title":"Fracture of the tibial tubercle in the adolescent","volume":"72","author":"Chow","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"r16-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001269","article-title":"Unicortical fixation is sufficient for surgical treatment of tibial tubercle avulsion fractures in children","volume":"39","author":"Arkader","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"r17-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-011-0369-8","article-title":"Tibial tubercle fractures in children with intra-articular involvement: surgical tips for technical ease","volume":"5","author":"Howarth","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"r18-20230807","first-page":"1070628","article-title":"Tibial tubercle avulsion fracture with multiple concomitant injuries in an adolescent male athlete","volume":"2018","author":"Agarwalla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"r19-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.M.00208","article-title":"Ipsilateral patellar distal pole and tibial tubercle avulsion fractures in an adolescent: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Cash","year":"2014","journal-title":"JBJS Case Connect"},{"issue":"12","key":"r20-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-008-0628-4","article-title":"Acute tibial tubercle avulsion fractures in the sporting adolescent","volume":"128","author":"Zrig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"r21-20230807","first-page":"24","article-title":"Simultaneous bilateral tibial tubercle avulsion fracture in a case of pre-existing Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD)","volume":"2","author":"Narayana Gowda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"r22-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200403000-00009","article-title":"Acute tibial tubercle avulsion fractures","volume":"24","author":"Mosier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"r23-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-008-0131-z","article-title":"Tibial tuberosity fractures in adolescents","volume":"2","author":"Frey","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"r24-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-008-0126-9","article-title":"Acute tibial tubercle avulsion fractures in children: selective use of the closed reduction and internal fixation method","volume":"2","author":"Pesl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"r25-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31802eb40a","article-title":"First-time traumatic patellar dislocation: a systematic review","volume":"455","author":"Stefancin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"}],"container-title":["JBJS Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.19.00186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:35:58Z","timestamp":1787751358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.19.00186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.19.00186","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-9185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-9185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}