{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:40:10Z","timestamp":1787755210752,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb The most common type of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) is a purely ligamentous avulsion involving the anterior inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL), but other variants are seen, including posterior lesions and those with an osseous avulsion.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb A central lesion between the intact anterior and posterior bands of the IGHL is gaining recognition as a distinct clinical entity.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb HAGL lesions are most commonly seen in patients with anterior instability without a Bankart tear or in those with persistent symptoms despite having undergone a Bankart repair.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive imaging modality. An arthrogram is helpful with subacute and chronic lesions when the joint is not distended. Arthroscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb While some have reported success with nonoperative management, surgical repair with either arthroscopic or open techniques has provided a high rate of successful outcomes; however, the literature is limited to mostly Level-IV and V evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.21.00140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T14:29:05Z","timestamp":1643898545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligament: Diagnosis and Management"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4550-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Van S.","family":"Krueger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0870-5681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Shigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8615-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven L.","family":"Bokshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9972-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett D.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"r1-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00450","article-title":"Epidemiology of shoulder dislocations presenting to emergency departments in the United States","volume":"92","author":"Zacchilli","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"r2-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513510391","article-title":"Epidemiology of primary anterior shoulder dislocation requiring closed reduction in Ontario, Canada","volume":"42","author":"Leroux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"r3-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2019.07.008","article-title":"Epidemiology of Shoulder Instability Injuries in Collision Collegiate Sports From 2009 to 2014","volume":"36","author":"Trojan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"3","key":"r4-20240731","first-page":"614","article-title":"Anterior Dislocation of the Shoulder: The Role of the Articular Capsule","volume":"24","author":"Nicola","year":"1942","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"r5-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(95)90139-6","article-title":"Humeral avulsion of glenohumeral ligaments as a cause of anterior shoulder instability","volume":"11","author":"Wolf","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"r6-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B1.0810093","article-title":"Anterior instability of the glenohumeral joint with humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament. 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