{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:40:14Z","timestamp":1787755214077,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Surgical timing for pediatric trigger thumb treatment is controversial for numerous reasons including the potential for spontaneous resolution, the possibility of bilateral involvement, and anesthesia concerns regarding the developing brain. Hence, a reasonable approach is to delay the surgical procedure until the patient is \u22653 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Preaxial polydactyly is usually unilateral and sporadic, with the most common reconstruction method consisting of excision of the diminutive thumb with preservation and soft-tissue reconstruction of the dominant thumb. The surgical procedure is typically performed around the patient age of 1 year to decrease the risks of anesthesia but allow reconstruction prior to the development of a tip-to-tip pinch.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Triphalangeal thumb and thumb hypoplasia are often found in the setting of systemic anomalies such as Holt-Oram syndrome, thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome, Fanconi anemia, VACTERL (vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal defects, and limb anomalies), and\/or Blackfan-Diamond anemia. As such, patients should receive adequate workup for these entities. A surgical procedure should be performed only once patients have been medically cleared.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb The status of the carpometacarpal joint in thumb hypoplasia determines whether reconstruction with first web space deepening, collateral ligament stabilization, and opponensplasty compared with index pollicization is performed.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.21.00147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T14:25:13Z","timestamp":1646144713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Congenital Disorders of the Pediatric Thumb"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4074-6267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny Lee","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6710-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine A.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children\u2019s Health Dallas, Dallas, Texas"},{"name":"University of Texas at Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000748","article-title":"The prevalence of congenital hand and upper extremity anomalies based upon the New York Congenital Malformations Registry","volume":"37","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"195","key":"r2-20240731","first-page":"7","article-title":"Congenital thumb deformities","author":"Wood","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"r4-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.12.024","article-title":"Incidence and development of trigger thumb in children","volume":"31","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"r5-20240731","first-page":"153","article-title":"Trigger thumbs in children. 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