{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:58:24Z","timestamp":1792191504728,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periprosthetic osteolysis is a known complication after shoulder arthroplasty that may lead to implant loosening and revision surgery. To date, there is no consensus in the shoulder arthroplasty literature regarding the definition of osteolysis or the grading criteria, thus making it difficult to quantify and compare outcomes involving this complication. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to assess how periprosthetic osteolysis in shoulder arthroplasty is defined and evaluated radiographically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, and CINAHL was performed in August 2021 for studies that provided a definition and\/or grading criteria for osteolysis in shoulder arthroplasty. Only studies with a minimum of 2 years of radiographic follow-up were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. After consolidating studies by the same primary author that included the same grading criteria, 29 studies were examined for their definition and grading criteria for osteolysis. Of these, 19 (65.5%) evaluated osteolysis surrounding the glenoid and 18 (62.1%) evaluated osteolysis surrounding the humerus. There was considerable heterogeneity in the systems used to grade periprosthetic osteolysis surrounding the glenoid, whereas humeral periprosthetic osteolysis was often categorized via visualization into binary or categorical groups (e.g., presence versus absence; mild, moderate, or severe; partial versus complete). Four studies (13.8%) provided novel measurements for assessing either glenoid or humeral osteolysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considerable heterogeneity exists in the assessment and grading of periprosthetic osteolysis in shoulder arthroplasty. The most common grading systems were binary and used qualitative visual interpretation, making them relatively subjective and prone to bias. Quantitative measurements of osteolysis were infrequently utilized. A standardized method of assessing osteolysis would be of value to facilitate communication and research efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.22.00002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T14:09:27Z","timestamp":1653487767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Definition of Periprosthetic Osteolysis in Shoulder Arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7041-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Hornung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2647-0524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7255-4569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabil","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1344-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johnathon R.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0392-7050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano E.","family":"Menendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9610-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Pourzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3975-1958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory P.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8662-3131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant E.","family":"Garrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"r1-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.03.049","article-title":"The incidence of shoulder arthroplasty: rise and future projections compared with hip and knee arthroplasty","volume":"29","author":"Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"r2-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e416","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20180409-05","article-title":"Current Trends in the Use of Shoulder Arthroplasty in the United States","volume":"41","author":"Palsis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"r3-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-019-09721-y","article-title":"Survivorship of a Medialized Glenoid and Lateralized Onlay Humerus Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Is High at Midterm Follow-up","volume":"16","author":"Rauck","year":"2020","journal-title":"HSS J"},{"issue":"1","key":"r4-20240731","first-page":"6","article-title":"Midterm Follow-up of Divergent Peg Glenoid Components in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty","volume":"27","author":"Wright","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Surg Orthop Adv"},{"issue":"7","key":"r5-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.12.069","article-title":"Outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty in patients younger than 65 years: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Roberson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"r6-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/00013611-200109000-00001","article-title":"Preoperative Planning for Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"16","author":"Peters","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tech Orthop"},{"issue":"12","key":"r7-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8122091","article-title":"Periprosthetic Osteolysis: Mechanisms, Prevention and Treatment","volume":"8","author":"Goodman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"r8-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100720978426","article-title":"Pathogenesis, Evaluation, and Management of Osteolysis Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty","volume":"42","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"r9-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(89)80031-2","article-title":"On the correlation between micromotion and histology of the bone-cement interface. Report of three cases of knee arthroplasty followed by roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis","volume":"4","author":"Ryd","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"2","key":"r10-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000004","article-title":"Tribology of total hip arthroplasty prostheses: What an orthopaedic surgeon should know","volume":"1","author":"Rieker","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"258","key":"r11-20240731","first-page":"95","article-title":"Osteolysis in alloarthroplasty of the hip. The role of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear particles","author":"Willert","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"r12-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.09.032","article-title":"Proximal humeral osteolysis and glenoid radiolucent lines in an anatomic shoulder arthroplasty: a comparison of a ceramic and a metal humeral head component","volume":"29","author":"Bell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"r13-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.09.012","article-title":"Radiographic and histopathologic analysis of osteolysis after total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"19","author":"Kepler","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"r14-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.08.010","article-title":"Radiographic changes differ between two different short press-fit humeral stem designs in total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"27","author":"Denard","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"r15-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.05.034","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for aseptic baseplate loosening of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"27","author":"Bitzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"r16-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075791","article-title":"Accuracy of glenoid component placement in total shoulder arthroplasty and its effect on clinical and radiological outcome in a retrospective, longitudinal, monocentric open study","volume":"8","author":"Gregory","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"r17-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3255-7","article-title":"Total shoulder replacement using a bone ingrowth central peg polyethylene glenoid component: a prospective clinical and computed tomography study with short- to mid-term follow-up","volume":"40","author":"Merolla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"r18-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.11.067","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of short-stem press-fit total shoulder arthroplasty: short-term follow-up","volume":"25","author":"Casagrande","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"r19-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00378","article-title":"Radiographic changes around humeral components in shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"96","author":"Raiss","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"r20-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.05.026","article-title":"Short-term clinical outcome of an anatomic short-stem humeral component in total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"27","author":"Romeo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"r21-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.04.012","article-title":"Humeral bone resorption after anatomic shoulder arthroplasty using an uncemented stem","volume":"26","author":"Inoue","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"r22-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2003.22","article-title":"Stress shielding and bone resorption in shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"12","author":"Nagels","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"r23-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.08.044","article-title":"Radiologic bone adaptations on a cementless short-stem shoulder prosthesis","volume":"25","author":"Schnetzke","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"r24-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"339","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"r26-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","article-title":"Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS): development and validation of a new instrument","volume":"73","author":"Slim","year":"2003","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"r28-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.12.012","article-title":"Sequential 3-dimensional computed tomography analysis of implant position following total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"27","author":"Ricchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"r29-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.15.00181","article-title":"Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of the Simpliciti Canal-Sparing Shoulder Arthroplasty System: A Prospective Two-Year Multicenter Study","volume":"98","author":"Churchill","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"15","key":"r30-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00833","article-title":"Relationship Between Glenoid Component Shift and Osteolysis After Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Analysis","volume":"103","author":"Ricchetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"r31-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.04.052","article-title":"Press-fit vs. cemented humeral stem fixation for reverse shoulder arthroplasty: functional outcomes at a mean follow-up of 9.5 years","volume":"30","author":"Mazaleyrat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"r32-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00223","article-title":"Long-Term Outcomes of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Follow-up of a Previous Study","volume":"99","author":"Bacle","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"r33-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2002.125807","article-title":"Cemented polyethylene versus uncemented metal-backed glenoid components in total shoulder arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized study","volume":"11","author":"Boileau","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"r34-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.07.039","article-title":"Central-peg radiolucency progression of an all-polyethylene glenoid with hybrid fixation in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty is associated with clinical failure and reoperation","volume":"30","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"r35-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-021-04021-9","article-title":"Radiologic midterm results of cemented and uncemented glenoid components in primary osteoarthritis of the shoulder: a matched pair analysis","author":"Magosch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"r36-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.02.020","article-title":"Total shoulder arthroplasty for glenohumeral arthritis associated with posterior glenoid bone loss: results of an all-polyethylene, posteriorly augmented glenoid component","volume":"25","author":"Favorito","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"r37-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.07.008","article-title":"Radiographic and clinical outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty with an all-polyethylene pegged bone ingrowth glenoid component: prospective short- to medium-term follow-up","volume":"25","author":"Parks","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"r38-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.02.018","article-title":"Five- to ten-year follow-up with a partially cemented all-polyethylene bone-ingrowth glenoid component","volume":"24","author":"Noyes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"r39-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00336","article-title":"Glenoid component retroversion is associated with osteolysis","volume":"95","author":"Ho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"r40-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.03.017","article-title":"Medial calcar bone resorption after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: does it affect outcomes?","volume":"28","author":"DeVito","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"r41-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.02.012","article-title":"Metal-backed glenoid implant with polyethylene insert is not a viable long-term therapeutic option","volume":"24","author":"Boileau","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"r42-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01400","article-title":"Total shoulder arthroplasty with an all-polyethylene pegged bone-ingrowth glenoid component: a clinical and radiographic outcome study","volume":"94","author":"Wirth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"r43-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200207000-00013","article-title":"The radiographic evaluation of keeled and pegged glenoid component insertion","volume":"84","author":"Lazarus","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"22","key":"r44-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.01282","article-title":"Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of a Posteriorly Augmented Glenoid Component in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Primary Osteoarthritis with Posterior Glenoid Bone Loss","volume":"100","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"r46-20240731","first-page":"175857322199634","article-title":"Mid-term outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with latissimus dorsi transfer","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"issue":"1","key":"r47-20240731","first-page":"50","article-title":"Humeral-sided Radiographic Changes Following Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty","volume":"8","author":"Brolin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Bone Jt Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"r48-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.101B5.BJJ-2018-1374.R1","article-title":"Mid-term radiological results of a cementless short humeral component in anatomical and reverse shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"101-B","author":"Aibinder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"1","key":"r49-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-1945-6","article-title":"Radiological changes do not influence clinical mid-term outcome in stemless humeral head replacements with hollow screw fixation: a prospective radiological and clinical evaluation","volume":"19","author":"Heuberer","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"r50-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jses.2019.11.002","article-title":"Five-year radiographic evaluation of stress shielding with a press-fit standard length humeral stem","volume":"4","author":"Cole","year":"2020","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"r51-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jses.2019.09.011","article-title":"Proximal humeral bony adaptations with a short uncemented stem for shoulder arthroplasty: a quantitative analysis","volume":"3","author":"Peduzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JSES Open Access"},{"issue":"7","key":"r52-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.02.024","article-title":"Patterns of proximal humeral bone resorption after total shoulder arthroplasty with an uncemented rectangular stem","volume":"23","author":"Spormann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"r53-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4341-7","article-title":"Complications of Total Hip Arthroplasty: Standardized List, Definitions, and Stratification Developed by The Hip Society","volume":"474","author":"Healy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"r54-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.01086","article-title":"Incidence of Osteolysis and Aseptic Loosening Following Metal-on-Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review of Studies with Up to 15-Year Follow-up","volume":"103","author":"Prock-Gibbs","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"427","key":"r55-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000142288.66246.4d","article-title":"Osteolysis: medical and surgical approaches","author":"Saleh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"6S","key":"r56-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.04.034","article-title":"Proceedings from the 2018 International Consensus Meeting on Orthopedic Infections: the definition of periprosthetic shoulder infection","volume":"28","author":"Garrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"r57-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.06.042","article-title":"Proximal stress shielding is decreased with a short stem compared with a traditional-length stem in total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"27","author":"Denard","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"r58-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.03.016","article-title":"Radiographic outcomes of impaction-grafted standard-length humeral components in total shoulder and ream-and-run arthroplasty: is stress shielding an issue?","volume":"28","author":"Denard","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"r59-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.09.042","article-title":"Short-term evaluation of humeral stress shielding following reverse shoulder arthroplasty using press-fit fixation compared with cemented fixation","volume":"29","author":"Denard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"}],"container-title":["JBJS Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.22.00002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:39:21Z","timestamp":1787751561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.22.00002"}},"subtitle":["A Systematic Review of Grading Schemes and Criteria"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.22.00002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-9185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-9185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}}}