{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:42:24Z","timestamp":1787755344799,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n \n \n \u00bb Cannabinoids, such as D9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, interact with endocannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system and immune system, potentially offering pain relief. The entourage effect, resulting from the interaction of multiple cannabis components, may enhance therapeutic impact and efficacy, making them promising candidates for exploring pain relief in spine operations, known to be among the most painful operative procedures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \u00bb The use of cannabinoids in pain management requires careful consideration of safety, including their cognitive and psychomotor effects, potential cardiovascular risks, risk of dependence, mental health implications, and drug interactions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \u00bb Few studies have analyzed cannabinoid use in relation to spine surgery, with variable results reported, indicating possible effects on reoperation rates, mortality, complications, postoperative opioid use, and length of hospital stay.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \u00bb Current knowledge gaps exist in the understanding of cannabinoid effects on spine surgery, including the exploration of different administration routes, timing, dosage, and specific outcomes. In addition, mechanistic explanations for the observed results are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \u00bb Ethical considerations related to informed consent, medical expertise, societal impact, and legal compliance must also be thoroughly addressed when considering the utilization of cannabinoids in spinal pathologies and back pain treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.23.00141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T14:17:03Z","timestamp":1700144223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Unlocking the Healing Potential"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1643-0828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hania","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner 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