{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:03:27Z","timestamp":1793189007435,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Tumors of the brachial plexus are uncommon and can present as a mass, with or without neurological symptoms. At times, asymptomatic tumors are also picked up incidentally when imaging is performed for other reasons.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Magnetic resonance imaging is the main imaging modality used to evaluate tumors of the brachial plexus. Other imaging modalities can be used as required.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Benign tumors that are asymptomatic should be observed. Excision can be considered for those that are found to be growing over time.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Biopsies of tumors of the brachial plexus are associated with the risk of nerve injury. Despite this, they should be performed for tumors that are suspected to be malignant before starting definitive treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb For malignant tumors, treatment decisions should be discussed at multidisciplinary tumor boards, and include both the oncology and peripheral nerve surgical team, musculoskeletal radiology, neuroradiology, and general radiology.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.24.00019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T14:04:50Z","timestamp":1718373890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tumors of the Brachial Plexus"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9143-3458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark Edward","family":"Puhaindran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6980-1768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aymeric Yu Tang","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.2.0246","article-title":"A series of 397 peripheral neural sheath tumors: 30-year experience at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center","volume":"102","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"r2-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx076","article-title":"The surgical management of symptomatic benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the neck and extremities: an experience of 442 cases","volume":"81","author":"Desai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"r3-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002118","article-title":"Natural history of brachial plexus, peripheral nerve, and spinal schwannomas","volume":"91","author":"Lubelski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"r4-20240731","first-page":"16","article-title":"Tumor involving certain nerves","author":"Hare","year":"1838","journal-title":"London Med Gazette"},{"issue":"18","key":"r5-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1924.02660180025007","article-title":"Importance of careful roentgen-ray investigations of apical chest tumors","volume":"83","author":"Pancoast","year":"1924","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"r6-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810417720042","article-title":"Peripheral nerve lymphomatosis","volume":"22","author":"Foo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol"},{"issue":"4","key":"r7-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000309","article-title":"Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and outcomes following surgical treatment of benign and malignant brachial plexus tumors: a systematic review","volume":"109","author":"Shekouhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"r8-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-022-04087-5","article-title":"Ultrasound and MR imaging of peripheral nerve tumors: the state of the art","volume":"52","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"r9-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07234-5","article-title":"Peripheral nerve sheath tumor: differentiation of malignant from benign tumors with conventional and diffusion-weighted MRI","volume":"31","author":"Yun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"r10-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-020-04718-z","article-title":"Role of high-resolution ultrasound in detection and monitoring of peripheral nerve tumor burden in neurofibromatosis in children","volume":"36","author":"Winter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"8","key":"r11-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-016-2394-7","article-title":"Evaluation of (18)F-FDG PET and MRI in differentiating benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors","volume":"45","author":"Broski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"r12-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-023-03296-z","article-title":"Survival outcomes of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) with and without neurofibromatosis type I (NF1): a meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"r13-20240731","first-page":"103","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of soft-tissue tumors: determinate and indeterminate lesions","volume":"89","author":"Papp","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"r14-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199605000-00004","article-title":"The hazards of the biopsy, revisited. Members of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society","volume":"78","author":"Mankin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"r15-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199605000-00003","article-title":"Residual disease following unplanned excision of soft-tissue sarcoma of an extremity","volume":"78","author":"Noria","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"r16-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000003462","article-title":"Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the brachial plexus: a single-center experience on diagnosis, management, and outcomes","volume":"90","author":"Donaldson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"r17-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.07.009","article-title":"Primary brachial plexus tumors: clinical experiences of 143 cases","volume":"148","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"r18-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_163_2023","article-title":"Tumors of the brachial plexus region: a 15-year experience with emphasis on motor and pain outcomes and literature review","volume":"14","author":"Pisapia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"r19-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.014","article-title":"A nationwide cohort study on treatment and survival in patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours","volume":"124","author":"Martin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"20","key":"r20-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-023-05449-9","article-title":"The role of radiotherapy in the management of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: a single-center retrospective cohort study","volume":"149","author":"Roohani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"20","key":"r21-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.6249","article-title":"Impact of intensity-modulated radiation therapy on local control in primary soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremity","volume":"26","author":"Alektiar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"r22-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq338","article-title":"First-line chemotherapy for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) versus other histological soft tissue sarcoma subtypes and as a prognostic factor for MPNST: an EORTC soft tissue and bone sarcoma group study","volume":"22","author":"Kroep","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"r23-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7656747","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7656747","article-title":"Targeting sporadic and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) related refractory malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) in a phase II study of everolimus in combination with bevacizumab (SARC016)","volume":"2019","author":"Widemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sarcoma"},{"issue":"5","key":"r24-20240731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200605000-00036","article-title":"Revised grades of recommendation for summaries or reviews of orthopaedic surgical studies","volume":"88","author":"Wright","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["JBJS Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.24.00019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:43:24Z","timestamp":1787751804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.24.00019"}},"subtitle":["A Critical Analysis Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.24.00019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-9185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-9185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}}}