{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:12:14Z","timestamp":1790165534736,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Nuclear imaging techniques, including bone scintigraphy, labeled leukocyte scintigraphy, positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) combined with computed tomography (CT), have wide applications in orthopaedics for evaluating trauma, painful total joint arthroplasty, musculoskeletal infection, and orthopaedic oncology.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Three-phase bone scintigraphy is a first-line, highly sensitive nuclear medicine study for evaluating orthopaedic pathology when initial studies are inconclusive. However, its specificity is limited, and findings may be falsely positive for up to 2 years after total joint arthroplasty because of physiologic bone remodeling.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Labeled leukocyte scintigraphy or gallium scintigraphy can improve diagnostic accuracy in patients with a positive bone scan and suspected musculoskeletal or periprosthetic joint infection.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET\/CT demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing bone neoplasms, infections, and metabolic disorders. Emerging PET\/magnetic resonance imaging technology offers reduced radiation exposure and greater soft-tissue detail but presents technical and cost challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb SPECT\/CT provides valuable functional and anatomic detail for characterizing the extent and location of bone pathology, serving as an important adjunct to other imaging modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Ultimately, the choice of nuclear imaging modality should consider the specific clinical context, diagnostic accuracy, impact on management, and cost-effectiveness on a case-by-case basis.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  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