{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:45:03Z","timestamp":1787755503945,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Corticosteroid injections (CSIs), including intra-articular, perineural, and those involving tendon sheaths or bursae, offer potential relief from osteoarthritic and inflammatory musculoskeletal pain, including gout attacks, as well as tarsal tunnel syndrome, plantar fasciitis, and interdigital neuromas.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb CSI for musculoskeletal pain is commonly used as a nonoperative management option for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, offering pain relief, typically lasting from days to months.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb CSIs are often performed prior to surgery as part of the nonoperative management of many conditions, with multiple CSIs within the year of surgery increasing postoperative infection risk in some major joints.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Despite the potential benefits of CSI, there are risks, including a potential increase in the risk of surgical site infection secondary to bacterial contamination and the immunomodulating effect of corticosteroids when given in the perioperative period.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb To date, a multitude of studies across orthopaedic subspecialties has reported on perioperative infection risk associated with CSIs. However, heterogeneity in study design and patient populations has made standardized recommendations challenging. It is, therefore, difficult to elucidate, with a high level of evidence, the most appropriate perioperative timeline for CSI administration for which infection risk is nonsignificant.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.24.00177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T14:00:39Z","timestamp":1739368839000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Mechanisms and Safety of Corticosteroid Injections in Orthopaedic Surgery"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3557-2274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Light","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New 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