{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:23:57Z","timestamp":1791829437915,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\u00bb Traditional reliance on preoperative glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for surgical eligibility and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) risk stratification has significant limitations, including surgical delays and poor reflection of short-term metabolic instability.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\u00bb Perioperative hyperglycemia and glucose variability are stronger and more consistent determinants of PJI risk than static glycemic indices such as HbA1c.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\u00bb Novel markers, such as fructosamine, and technologies, including continuous glucose monitoring, provide improved assessment of short-term glycemic control and variability and demonstrate superior prognostic utility for PJI compared with HbA1c.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\u00bb Antidiabetic therapies may differentially influence PJI risk: insulin dependence marks higher risk, whereas oral agents, particularly metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, are increasingly associated with reduced short-term PJI risk, especially among diabetic and morbidly obese patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\u00bb Mechanistic evidence implicates effects on inflammation, angiogenesis, immune function, and bacterial biofilm formation in mediating the relationship between glycemic control, antidiabetic therapies, and PJI risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.26.00049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T14:00:14Z","timestamp":1782309614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Interplay of Diabetes, Glucose Variability, and Antidiabetic Therapy in Preventing Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Review"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3314-3094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Askari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2128-0924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina","family":"Bazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3559-9290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Dehghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6063-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matin","family":"Sepehrinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran"},{"name":"National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5955-5524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Poursalehian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"r1-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.21037\/aoj-2020-pji-11","article-title":"The burden of prosthetic joint infection (PJI)","volume":"6","author":"Sandiford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Jt"},{"issue":"3","key":"r2-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2203477","article-title":"Periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"388","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"r3-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.12.005","article-title":"Projected economic burden of periprosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee in the United States","volume":"36","author":"Premkumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"6S","key":"r4-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.02.030","article-title":"Projections and epidemiology of revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States to 2030","volume":"35","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"12","key":"r6-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.09.006","article-title":"Prosthetic joint infection. A relevant public health issue","volume":"13","author":"Zardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"24","key":"r7-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00789","article-title":"Periprosthetic joint infection increases the risk of one-year mortality","volume":"95","author":"Zmistowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"r8-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5231-9","article-title":"Higher age, female gender, osteoarthritis and blood transfusion protect against periprosthetic joint infection in total hip or knee arthroplasties: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Resende","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"51","key":"r9-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8805","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008805","article-title":"Is hemoglobin A1c and perioperative hyperglycemia predictive of periprosthetic joint infection following total joint arthroplasty? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"4","key":"r10-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000177","article-title":"Stress hyperglycemia and surgical site infection in stable nondiabetic adults with orthopedic injuries","volume":"76","author":"Richards","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"r11-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0924","article-title":"Diabetes is an independent predictor for severe osteoarthritis: results from a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Schett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"r12-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13081386","article-title":"Osteoarthritis and diabetes: where are we and where should we go?","volume":"13","author":"Alenazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"r13-20260624","first-page":"9459206","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving a primary total knee or hip arthroplasty","volume":"2019","author":"Na","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"r14-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"r15-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731460","article-title":"Updates in diabetic wound healing, inflammation, and scarring","volume":"35","author":"Dasari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"r16-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07583-3","article-title":"Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in metabolic aberrations of diabetic wounds: a narrative review","volume":"16","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"r17-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.06.023","article-title":"Outcomes of total knee arthroplasty in people with diabetes: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Vaishya","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"r18-20260624","first-page":"186","article-title":"Prevention of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI): a clinical practice protocol in high-risk patients","volume":"5","author":"Iannotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"r19-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2020.06.006","article-title":"Predictive value of common serum glycaemic markers on periprosthetic joint infection following total joint arthroplasty: a review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Thever","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"issue":"11","key":"r20-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0803-0","article-title":"Relationship between glycated haemoglobin levels and mean glucose levels over time","volume":"50","author":"Nathan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"r21-20260624","first-page":"S111","article-title":"6. Glycemic goals and hypoglycemia: standards of care in diabetes-2024","volume":"47","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"r22-20260624","first-page":"447","article-title":"The association of glycemic control medication regimens and preoperative fructosamine among total joint artrhoplasty patients","volume":"33","author":"Tischler","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"r23-20260624","first-page":"304","article-title":"Universal haemoglobin A1c screening reveals high prevalence of dysglycaemia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty","volume":"26","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"9s","key":"r24-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.04.065","article-title":"Determining the threshold for HbA1c as a predictor for adverse outcomes after total joint arthroplasty: a multicenter, retrospective study","volume":"32","author":"Tarabichi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"7","key":"r25-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2015.01.040","article-title":"Is hemoglobin A1c or perioperative hyperglycemia predictive of periprosthetic joint infection or death following primary total joint arthroplasty?","volume":"30","author":"Chrastil","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"7s","key":"r26-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.02.071","article-title":"Preoperative glycemic control predicts perioperative serum glucose levels in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty","volume":"33","author":"Godshaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"8 suppl","key":"r27-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.03.033","article-title":"Hemoglobin A1C as a marker for surgical risk in diabetic patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty","volume":"28","author":"Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"5","key":"r28-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2011.09.013","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin A1C, and the incidence of total joint arthroplasty infection","volume":"27","author":"Iorio","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"12","key":"r29-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2017.08.016","article-title":"Review: the relationship of hemoglobin A1c to postoperative surgical risk with an emphasis on joint replacement surgery","volume":"31","author":"Lopez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"2","key":"r30-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.03.007","article-title":"Systematic review of the impact of HbA1c on outcomes following surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"35","author":"Rollins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"r31-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1929","article-title":"Preoperative A1C and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes undergoing major noncardiac surgical procedures","volume":"37","author":"Underwood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"r32-20260624","first-page":"e96905","article-title":"Perioperative glycaemic control and orthopaedic outcomes: a narrative review of evidence and future directions","volume":"17","author":"Arokiyanathan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"r33-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-018-9494-z","article-title":"Perioperative and modifiable risk factors for periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) and recommended guidelines","volume":"11","author":"Alamanda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"r34-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.01316","article-title":"Postoperative blood glucose levels predict infection after total joint arthroplasty","volume":"100","author":"Kheir","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"r35-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31825d60e5","article-title":"Stress-induced hyperglycemia as a risk factor for surgical-site infection in nondiabetic orthopedic trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"Richards","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"r36-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-4056-1","article-title":"Do glycemic markers predict occurrence of complications after total knee arthroplasty in patients with diabetes?","volume":"473","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"r37-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.23.00546","article-title":"Higher blood glucose levels on the day of surgery are associated with an increased risk of periprosthetic joint infection after total hip arthroplasty","volume":"106","author":"Wier","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"r38-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.06.082","article-title":"Elevated admission blood glucose levels are associated with an increased risk of periprosthetic joint infection in re-revision","volume":"41","author":"Yao","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"3","key":"r39-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2014.10.009","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, hemoglobin A1C and the risk of prosthetic joint infections in total hip and knee arthroplasty","volume":"30","author":"Maradit Kremers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"S2","key":"r40-20260624","first-page":"S25","article-title":"Glucose variability: a review of clinical applications and research developments","volume":"20","author":"Rodbard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"r41-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2011.07.2310","article-title":"Clinical interpretation of indices of quality of glycemic control and glycemic variability","volume":"123","author":"Rodbard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"r42-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0187","article-title":"Glycemic variability percentage: a novel method for assessing glycemic variability from continuous glucose monitor data","volume":"20","author":"Peyser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"13","key":"r43-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00798","article-title":"Increased postoperative glucose variability is associated with adverse outcomes following total joint arthroplasty","volume":"100","author":"Shohat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"18","key":"r44-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.21.00878","article-title":"Serum glucose variability increases the risk of complications following aseptic revision hip and knee arthroplasty","volume":"104","author":"Goh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"r45-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-022-04558-3","article-title":"Increased postoperative glycemic variability is associated with increased mortality in diabetic patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for hip fracture","volume":"143","author":"Ashkenazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"r46-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5393","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16583","article-title":"Perioperative use and accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Carlier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"r47-20260624","first-page":"1594","article-title":"Early postoperative hyperglycemia after arthroplasty in type 2 diabetes: insights from continuous glucose monitoring and identification of predictive glycemic parameters","volume":"15","author":"Tateiwa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"r48-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-019-0181-9","article-title":"Higher blood glucose and larger fluctuations detected postoperatively using continuous glucose monitoring: a preliminary study following total knee or hip arthroplasty","volume":"6","author":"Maeda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Exp Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"r50-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296814567227","article-title":"Advantages and pitfalls of fructosamine and glycated albumin in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Danese","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"issue":"7_supple_C","key":"r51-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.101B7.BJJ-2018-1418.R1","article-title":"2019 John Insall Award: fructosamine is a better glycaemic marker compared with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) in predicting adverse outcomes following total knee arthroplasty: a prospective multicentre study","volume":"101-b","author":"Shohat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"r52-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2026.02.019","article-title":"Preoperative fructosamine is comparable to HbA1c as a short-term glycemic marker for predicting postoperative complications in orthopaedic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Regmi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"issue":"22","key":"r53-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00075","article-title":"Serum fructosamine: a simple and inexpensive test for assessing preoperative glycemic control","volume":"99","author":"Shohat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"r54-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.5152\/j.aott.2023.23037","article-title":"Predictive value of different glycemic control markers in total hip or knee arthroplasty: a prospective study","volume":"57","author":"Cetik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"issue":"1","key":"r55-20260624","first-page":"92","article-title":"Risk factors for periprosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee","volume":"17","author":"Breznicky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Glas (Zenica)"},{"issue":"4","key":"r56-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-021-03027-8","article-title":"Insulin dependence increases the risk of postoperative complications and inferior outcome but not the survivorship of total joint arthroplasty among diabetic population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Chalidis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"r57-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071679","article-title":"Polymicrobial prosthetic joint infections: unraveling risk factors and outcomes in a single-center study","volume":"13","author":"Au\u00f1\u00f3n","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"11","key":"r58-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.07.048","article-title":"Efficacy of perioperative basal-bolus insulin therapy on blood glucose variability in non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"1","key":"r59-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.16.00008","article-title":"Postoperative hyperglycemia can be safely and effectively controlled in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients with use of a subcutaneous insulin protocol","volume":"2","author":"Gallagher","year":"2017","journal-title":"JB JS Open Access"},{"issue":"12","key":"r60-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2024.05.079","article-title":"Decreased risk of readmission and complications with preoperative GLP-1 analog use in patients undergoing primary total joint arthroplasty","volume":"39","author":"Buddhiraju","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"r61-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artd.2024.101506","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use is not associated with increased complications after total knee arthroplasty in patients with type-2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Heo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthroplast Today"},{"issue":"12","key":"r62-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.06.083","article-title":"The association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and postoperative complications after arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"12","key":"r63-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.07.015","article-title":"Impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on postoperative outcomes in arthroplasty: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"9s1","key":"r64-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2024.12.008","article-title":"Utilization of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist at the time of total hip arthroplasty for patients who have morbid obesity","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"4","key":"r65-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.24.00468","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists decrease medical and surgical complications in morbidly obese patients undergoing primary TKA","volume":"107","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"r66-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.12.023","article-title":"Semaglutide use prior to total hip arthroplasty results in fewer postoperative prosthetic joint infections and readmissions","volume":"39","author":"Magruder","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"8s1","key":"r67-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.03.012","article-title":"GLP-1 agonists for weight loss: do they increase complications in non-diabetic patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty?","volume":"40","author":"Verhey","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"4","key":"r68-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.07.045","article-title":"Does use of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists increase perioperative complications in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty?","volume":"34","author":"Elsabbagh","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"r69-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.01535","article-title":"Metformin use is associated with fewer complications in patients with type-2 diabetes undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a propensity score-matched analysis","volume":"103","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"r70-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e091446","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-091446","article-title":"Perioperative metformin use in patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Morrell","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"r71-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R11","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-21-0194","article-title":"Metformin as an anti-inflammatory agent: a short review","volume":"251","author":"Krist\u00f3fi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"r72-20260624","first-page":"83","article-title":"Metformin as a potential adjuvant antimicrobial agent against multidrug resistant bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Masadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"r73-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20420188231222367","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188231222367","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and its clinical implications","volume":"15","author":"Alharbi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"r74-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.84","article-title":"Liraglutide for weight management: a critical review of the evidence","volume":"3","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"issue":"21","key":"r75-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-24-01284","article-title":"The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist therapy on risk of infection, fracture, and early revision in primary total joint arthroplasty","volume":"33","author":"Levidy","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"r76-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997578","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.997578","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonist as a modulator of innate immunity","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"21","key":"r77-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e194751","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI194751","article-title":"Antiinflammatory actions of glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies beyond metabolic benefits","volume":"135","author":"Wong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"}],"container-title":["JBJS Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.26.00049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:04:46Z","timestamp":1787749486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.26.00049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.26.00049","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-9185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-9185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}}}