{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:39:34Z","timestamp":1787755174774,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBJS Essential Surgical Techniques"],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n A subscapularis-sparing approach to anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is used for patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis who have an intact rotator cuff and sufficient bone volume.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Description:<\/jats:title>\n A 7 to 10-cm anterosuperior incision is made with the patient in the beach chair position. The anterolateral deltoid muscle raphe is split, and the shoulder is externally rotated to bring the rotator interval to the field. A flap of interval tissue is incised, tenodesis of the biceps tendon is performed, and the interval tissue is incised straight back to the glenoid from the upper edge of the subscapularis, creating a triangular piece of tissue referred to as a \u201ctrapdoor.\u201d Two Darrach retractors are placed to expose the humeral head. An intramedullary guide is placed, and a humeral head osteotomy is performed. The glenoid is exposed, and the glenoid component is placed after sizing, preparation, drilling, and insertion of trial components per the surgical technique. The humeral head size is estimated by measuring, and the humeral stem size is decided by sequentially inserting the trial components. The permanent humeral stem is inserted, and the permanent humeral head is implanted after insertion of trial components. The trapdoor is sutured, the deltoid is reattached, and subcutaneous tissue and skin are sutured.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Alternatives:<\/jats:title>\n The traditional surgical approach for anatomic TSA involves release and reattachment of the subscapularis tendon.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Rationale:<\/jats:title>\n \n Nearly all anatomic TSA techniques require the subscapularis to be released, with a peel, tenotomy, or osteotomy, and then repaired on completion of the arthroplasty. Failure of the subscapularis to heal is an unfortunate and potentially devastating complication following anatomic TSA that has been linked to decreased function, instability, and pain\n 1\u20134<\/jats:sup>\n . Subscapularis dysfunction following anatomic TSA is seen in one-third to two-thirds of patients, with evidence of complete tears in up to 50% of asymptomatic patients using ultrasound examinations\n 1\u20135<\/jats:sup>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Sling immobilization with avoidance of excessive passive external rotation and active internal rotation is recommended to help prevent postoperative rupture of the subscapularis repair\n 6\u20138<\/jats:sup>\n . However, postoperative motion restrictions to protect the subscapularis may lead to stiffness and may negatively impact function and satisfaction.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n We describe a subscapularis-sparing TSA, in which we address and improve on 3 technical difficulties identified by Lafosse et al.\n 9<\/jats:sup>\n : (1) difficulty ensuring an anatomic humeral neck cut because of the difficulty visualizing the anterior aspect of the shoulder, (2) inadequate resection of inferior humeral neck osteophytes, and (3) undersizing of the humeral head.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.st.18.00115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T15:00:42Z","timestamp":1574780442000},"page":"e42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Subscapularis-Sparing Rotator Interval Approach for Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5789-8240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David P.","family":"Adkison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Orthopedics, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1201-2573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parke W.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1390-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James V.","family":"Worthen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Orthopedics, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-2080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9184-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martim C.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3157-4739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Momaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8925-540X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent A.","family":"Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2015-7713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene W.","family":"Brabston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bib1-20230808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.09.013","article-title":"Ultrasound evaluation and clinical correlation of subscapularis repair after total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"15","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib2-20230808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.04.001","article-title":"Integrity and function of the subscapularis after total shoulder 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shoulders","volume":"41","author":"Ives","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6-20230808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1054\/arth.2001.23623","article-title":"Rehabilitation after total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"16","author":"Boardman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty."},{"key":"bib7-20230808","first-page":"70","article-title":"Rehabilitation following total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"307","author":"Brems","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8-20230808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70027-4","article-title":"Postoperative rehabilitation following total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"29","author":"Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9-20230808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.03.017","article-title":"Primary total shoulder arthroplasty performed entirely thru the rotator interval: technique and minimum two-year outcomes","volume":"18","author":"Lafosse","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10-20230808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000735","article-title":"The Surgical Care Improvement Project antibiotic guidelines: should we expect more than good intentions?","volume":"121","author":"Schonberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth Analg."}],"container-title":["JBJS Essential Surgical 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