{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:59:23Z","timestamp":1791233963138,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Zoological Society of Japan","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoological Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Predators constitute an important source of biotic resistance influencing the establishment and population increase of non-native species, and the strength of this resistance depends on how effectively predators tolerate or overcome the defenses of non-native prey. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of defenses in the non-native leaf beetle Lema diversipes and its closely related native congener L. decempunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) against two native predators: the Japanese tree frog, Dryophytes japonicus (Anura: Hylidae), and the Japanese skink, Plestiodon japonicus (Squamata: Scincidae). Adults of both beetle species secreted chemicals from their elytra when stimulated. To investigate defensive effectiveness, individual adults were provided to predators under laboratory conditions. All adults of both beetle species were attacked and consumed by tree frogs, whereas 93% of L. diversipes and 60% of L. decempunctata were rejected by skinks. These results indicate that the beetles' chemical defenses are more effective against skinks than against tree frogs. Consequently, native tree frogs may exert stronger biotic resistance than native skinks, and tree frogs potentially suppress the population increase of L. diversipes. Overall, our findings show that chemical defense effectiveness varies between predator groups, highlighting the importance of predator diversity in shaping invasion outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2108\/zs260009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T19:21:58Z","timestamp":1784316118000},"page":"438-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential Effectiveness of Anti-Predator Defenses in Non-Native Leaf Beetles Against Native Frogs and Lizards"],"prefix":"10.2108","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Uran","family":"Sumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657\u20138501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657\u20138501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"848","reference":[{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T Shinohara  and Y Takami  \"Ecol Evol.\"  10, \"Functional diversity and trade-offs in divergent antipredator morphologies in herbivorous insects.\" 5089 (2020)","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6262"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MR Berenbaum,  \"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.\"  92, \"The chemistry of defense: theory and practice.\" 2 (1995)","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.1.2"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HW Borchers  and JP Ewert  \"Behav Process.\"  4, \"Correlation between behavioral and neuronal activities of toads Bufo bufo (L.) in response to moving configurational prey stimuli.\" 99 (1979)","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-6357(79)90026-3"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ED Brodie  and ED Brodie  \"Evolution.\"  44, \"Tetrodotoxin resistance in garter snakes: an evolutionary response of predators to dangerous prey.\" 651 (1990)","DOI":"10.2307\/2409442"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Burghardt,  \"Copeia.\"  1964, \"Effects of prey size and movement on the feeding behavior of the lizards Anolis carolinensis and Eumeces fasciatus.\" 576 (1964)","DOI":"10.2307\/1441527"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WE Cooper,  \"Anim Behav.\"  50, \"Foraging mode, prey chemical discrimination, and phylogeny in lizards.\" 973 (1995)","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(95)80098-0"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Deroe  and M Pasteels  \"J Chem Ecol.\"  8, \"Distribution of adult defense glands in Chrysomelids (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its significance in the evolution of defense mechanisms within the family.\" 67 (1982)","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00984006"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Doktorovov\u00e1, A Exnerov\u00e1, K Hotov\u00e1 Sv\u00e1dov\u00e1, et al.  \"Evol Biol.\"  46, \"Differential bird responses to colour morphs of an aposematic leaf beetle may affect variation in morph frequencies in polymorphic prey populations.\" 35 (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11692-018-9465-8"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CS Elton,  \"The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants.\"  (1958)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7214-9"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SA Fabricant  and CL Smith  \"Ecol Evol.\"  4, \"Is the hibiscus harlequin bug aposematic? 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(2017)","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"\"Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan.\"  (2021)"}],"container-title":["Zoological Science"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:39:04Z","timestamp":1791232744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/zoological-science\/volume-43\/issue-5\/zs260009\/Differential-Effectiveness-of-Anti-Predator-Defenses-in-Non-Native-Leaf\/10.2108\/zs260009.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2108\/zs260009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0289-0003","2212-3830"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0289-0003","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-3830","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]}}}