{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T18:16:16Z","timestamp":1774894576016,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Science and Medicine, Inc.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Problems of Performing Artists"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: Embouchure dystonia (EmD) is a variant of focal task-specific dystonia in musicians characterized by the loss of control in facial and oral muscles while controlling airflow into the mouthpiece of a wind or brass instrument. We compared tongue position variability (TPV) during\n sustained notes between healthy, elite horn players and horn players affected by EmD. METHODS: Real-time MRI films at 33.3 ms resolution were obtained from 8 healthy elite and 5 EmD horn players as they performed on a non-ferromagnetic horn at each of three different dynamic levels: pianissimo,\n mezzo forte, and fortissimo. Nine profile lines (3 from anterior, 3 from middle, and 3 from posterior oral cavity regions) were overlaid on each image using a customized MATLAB toolkit, and the variability of the dorsal tongue edge position was examined at each dynamic from temporal intensity\n profiles produced by MATLAB. RESULTS: Despite trends for more pronounced TPV (larger standard deviations) in the elite musicians (p=0.062), 2-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences between groups. However, dynamic level significantly influenced TPV for all subjects,\n combined (p=0.048) and different regions of the oral cavity showed differing TPV (p&lt;0.001). When only the most active region (anterior oral cavity) was included in the model, differences between groups reached statistical significance (elite &gt; EmD, p&lt;0.048), particularly at the fortissimo\n dynamic. We postulate that these differences may be due, in part, to a greater degree of generalized orofacial muscle tension in the EmD subjects that includes the tongue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.21091\/mppa.2019.1007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,3]],"date-time":"2019-03-03T16:39:57Z","timestamp":1551631197000},"page":"33-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tongue Position Variability During Sustained Notes in Healthy vs Dystonic Horn Players Using Real-Time MRI"],"prefix":"10.21091","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Peter W","family":"Iltis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Frahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eckart","family":"Altenm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Voit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Kozakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"8662","container-title":["Medical Problems of Performing Artists"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/scimed\/mppa\/2019\/00000034\/00000001\/art00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T08:01:23Z","timestamp":1591084883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.21091\/mppa.2019.1007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["0885-1158(20190301)34:1L.33;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21091\/mppa.2019.1007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-1158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-1158","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}}}