{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:13:04Z","timestamp":1780395184418,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mean seasonal extreme temperatures on the seafloor calculated from the shell \u03b418O of the scallop Placopecten clintonius from the basal part of the early Pliocene Sunken Meadow Member (Yorktown Formation) in Virginia are very similar to those from the same horizon at the latitude of Cape Hatteras in North Carolina (\u223c 210 km to the south). The lowest and highest temperatures calculated from each shell (using \u03b418Oseawater = +0.7\u2030) give mean values for winter and summer of 8.4 \u00b1 1.1 \u00b0C (\u00b1 1\u03c3) and 18.2 \u00b1 0.6 \u00b0C in Virginia, and 8.6 \u00b1 0.4 \u00b0C and 16.5 \u00b1 1.1 \u00b0C in North Carolina (respective median temperatures: 13.3 \u00b0C and 12.6 \u00b0C). Patterns of ontogenetic variation in \u03b418O, \u03b413C and microgrowth increment size indicate summer water-column stratification in both areas, with summer surface temperatures perhaps 6 \u00b0C higher than on the seafloor. The low winter paleotemperatures in both areas are most simply explained by the greater southward penetration of cool northern waters in the absence of a feature equivalent to Cape Hatteras. The same current configuration but a warmer general climate can account for the high benthic seasonal range (over 15.0 \u00b0C in some cases) but warmer median temperatures (15.7\u201321.3 \u00b0C) derived from existing \u03b418O data from scallops of the higher Yorktown Formation (using \u03b418Oseawater = +0.7\u2030 for the upper Sunken Meadow Member and \u03b418Oseawater = +1.1\u2030 for the mid-Pliocene Rushmere, Morgarts Beach, and Moore House members). Existing \u03b418O data from the infaunal bivalve Mercenaria of the Rushmere Member yields a similarly high median temperature (21.6 \u00b0C) but a low seasonal range (9.2 \u00b0C), pointing to the periodic influence of warm currents, possibly at times when the Gulf Stream was exceptionally vigorous.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2110\/palo.2016.080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]],"date-time":"2017-04-18T20:30:30Z","timestamp":1492547430000},"page":"250-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["ISOTOPIC TEMPERATURES FROM THE EARLY AND MID-PLIOCENE OF THE US MIDDLE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN, AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CAUSE OF REGIONAL MARINE CLIMATE CHANGE"],"prefix":"10.2110","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"ANDREW L.A.","family":"JOHNSON","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Natural Sciences, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANNEMARIE","family":"VALENTINE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Natural Sciences, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, United Kingdom"},{"name":"2 Current address: Student Advice and Support Services, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MELANIE J.","family":"LENG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 NERC Isotope Geoscience Facilities, British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth NG12 5GG, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HILARY J.","family":"SLOANE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 NERC Isotope Geoscience Facilities, British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth NG12 5GG, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BERND 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M.M.\n            \n            \n              Rosenbloom\n              N.A.\n            \n            \n              Salzmann\n              U.\n            \n            \n              Stepanek\n              C.\n            \n            \n              Strother\n              S.L.\n            \n            \n              Ueda\n              H.\n            \n            \n              Yan\n              Q.\n            \n            \n              Zhang\n              Z.\n            \n          \n          2013,\n\t\t\t\t\tSea surface temperature of the mid-Piacenzian ocean: a data-model comparison:\n\t\t\t\t\tScientific Reports,\n\t\t\t\t\tv. 3, 55.51\n\t\t\t\t\tKB, http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep02013, checked August 2016.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02013"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Dowsett4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dowsett\n              H.J.\n            \n            \n              Robinson\n              M.M.\n            \n            \n              Haywood\n              A.M.\n            \n            \n              Hill\n              D.J.\n            \n            \n              Dolan\n              A.M.\n            \n            \n              Stoll\n              D.K.\n            \n            \n              Chan\n              W.-L.\n            \n            \n              Abe-Ouchi\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Chandler\n              M.A.\n            \n            \n              Rosenbloom\n              N.A.\n            \n            \n              Otto-Bliesner\n              B.L.\n            \n            \n              Bragg\n              F.J\n            \n            \n              Lunt\n              D.J.\n            \n            \n              Foley\n              K.M.\n            \n            \n              Riesselman\n              C.R.\n            \n          \n          2012,\n\t\t\t\t\tAssessing confidence in Pliocene sea surface temperatures to evaluate predictive models:\n\t\t\t\t\tNature Climate Change,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t2,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t365\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t371,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1038\/NCLIMATE1455.","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1455"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Dowsett5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dowsett\n              H.J.\n            \n            \n              Wiggs\n              L.B.\n            \n          \n          1992,\n\t\t\t\t\tPlanktonic foraminiferal assemblage of the Yorktown Formation, Virginia:\n\t\t\t\t\tMicropaleontology,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t38,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t75\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t86,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.2307\/1485844.","DOI":"10.2307\/1485844"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Elliot1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elliot\n              M.\n            \n            \n              deMenocal\n              P.B.\n            \n            \n              Linsley\n              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America,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t64,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t1315\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1326.","DOI":"10.1130\/0016-7606(1953)64[1315:RCITS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Fedorov1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fedorov\n              A.V.\n            \n            \n              Brierley\n              C.M.\n            \n            \n              Lawrence\n              K.T.\n            \n            \n              Liu\n              Z.\n            \n            \n              Dekens\n              P.S.\n            \n            \n              Ravelo\n              A.C.\n            \n          \n          2013,\n\t\t\t\t\tPatterns and mechanisms of early Pliocene warmth:\n\t\t\t\t\tNature,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t496,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t43\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t49,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1038\/nature12003.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12003"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Fierstine1","unstructured":"Fierstine\n              H.L.\n            \n          \n          2001,\n\t\t\t\t\tAnalysis and new records of billfish (Teleostei: Perciformes: Istiophoridae) from the Yorktown Formation, early Pliocene of eastern North Carolina at Lee Creek Mine,\n\t\t\t\t\tinRayC.E.BohaskaD.J.\n\t\t\t\t\t(eds.),\n\t\t\t\t\tGeology and Paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III: Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, n.\n\t\t\t\t\t90,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t21\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t70."},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Goewert1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goewert\n              A.E.\n            \n            \n              Surge\n              D.\n            \n          \n          2008,\n\t\t\t\t\tSeasonality and growth patterns using isotope sclerochronology in shells of the Pliocene scallop Chesapecten madisonius:\n\t\t\t\t\tGeoMarine Letters,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t28,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t327\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t338,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1007\/s00367-008-0113-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00367-008-0113-7"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Gonfiantini1","unstructured":"Gonfiantini\n              R.\n            \n            \n              Stichler\n              W.\n            \n            \n              Rozanski\n              K.\n            \n          \n          1995,\n\t\t\t\t\tStandards and intercomparison materials distributed by the International Atomic Energy Agency for stable isotope measurements,\n\t\t\t\t\tinInternational Atomic Energy Agency, Reference and Intercomparison Materials for Stable Isotopes of Light Elements:\n\t\t\t\t\tIAEA-TECDOC-825, Vienna, Austria,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t13\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t29."},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Grossman1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grossman\n              E.L.\n            \n            \n              Ku\n              T.\n            \n          \n          1986,\n\t\t\t\t\tOxygen and carbon isotope fractionation in biogenic aragonite: temperature effects:\n\t\t\t\t\tChemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section),\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t59,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t59\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t74,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1016\/0009-2541(86)90044-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9622(86)90057-6"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Haveles1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haveles\n              A.W.\n            \n            \n              Ivany\n              L.C.\n            \n          \n          2010,\n\t\t\t\t\tRapid growth explains large size of mollusks in the Eocene Gosport Sand, United States Gulf Coast:\n\t\t\t\t\tPALAIOS,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t25,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t550\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t564,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.2110\/palo.2009.p09-148r.","DOI":"10.2110\/palo.2009.p09-148r"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Hazel1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hazel\n              J.E.\n            \n          \n          1971,\n\t\t\t\t\tPaleoclimatology of the Yorktown Formation (upper Miocene and lower Pliocene) of Virginia and North Carolina:\n\t\t\t\t\tBulletin du Centre de Recherches de Pau,\n\t\t\t\t\tSoci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale de P\u00e9troles d'Aquitaine, v. 5 (suppl.),\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t361\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t375.","DOI":"10.3133\/pp704"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Hazel2","unstructured":"Hazel\n              J.E.\n            \n          \n          1988,\n\t\t\t\t\tDetermining late Neogene and Quaternary palaeoclimates and palaeotemperature regimes using ostracods,\n\t\t\t\t\tinDe DeckkerP.ColinJ.P.PeypouquetJ.P.\n\t\t\t\t\t(eds.),\n\t\t\t\t\tOstracoda in the Earth Sciences:\n\t\t\t\t\tElsevier,\n\t\t\t\t\tAmsterdam, The Netherlands,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t89\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t101."},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Hickson1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hickson\n              J.A.\n            \n            \n              Johnson\n              A.L.A.\n            \n            \n              Heaton\n              T.H.E.\n            \n            \n              Balson\n              P.S.\n            \n          \n          1999,\n\t\t\t\t\tThe shell of the Queen Scallop Aequipecten opercularis (L.) as a promising tool for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction: evidence and reasons for equilibrium stable-isotope incorporation:\n\t\t\t\t\tPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t154,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t325\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t337,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1016\/S0031-0182(99)00120-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-0182(99)00120-0"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Huddlestun1","unstructured":"Huddlestun\n              P.F.\n            \n          \n          1988.\n\t\t\t\t\tA revision of the lithostratigraphic units of the coastal plain of Georgia, the Miocene through Holocene:\n\t\t\t\t\tGeorgia Geological Survey Bulletin,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t104,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t162."},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Johnson1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson\n              A.L.A.\n            \n            \n              Hickson\n              J.A.\n            \n            \n              Bird\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Sch\u00f6ne\n              B.R.\n            \n            \n              Balson\n              P.S.\n            \n            \n              Heaton\n              T.H.E.\n            \n            \n              Williams\n              M.\n            \n          \n          2009,\n\t\t\t\t\tComparative sclerochronology of modern and mid-Pliocene (c. 3.5 Ma) Aequipecten opercularis (Mollusca, Bivalvia): an insight into past and future climate change in the north-east Atlantic region:\n\t\t\t\t\tPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t284,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t164\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t179,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1016\/j.palaeo.2009.09.022.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2009.09.022"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Johnson2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson\n              A.L.A.\n            \n            \n              Liquorish\n              M.N.\n            \n            \n              Sha\n              J.\n            \n          \n          2007.\n\t\t\t\t\tVariation in growth-rate and form of a Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) oyster in England, and its environmental implications:\n\t\t\t\t\tPalaeontology,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t50,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t1155\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1173,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1111\/j.1475-4983.2007.00698.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4983.2007.00698.x"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Kirby1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirby\n              M.X.\n            \n          \n          2000,\n\t\t\t\t\tPaleoecological differences between Tertiary and Quaternary Crassostrea oysters as revealed by stable isotope sclerochronology:\n\t\t\t\t\tPALAIOS,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t15,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t132\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t141,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.2307\/3515499.","DOI":"10.1669\/0883-1351(2000)015<0132:PDBTAQ>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Kirby2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirby\n              M.X.\n            \n          \n          2001,\n\t\t\t\t\tDifferences in growth rate and environment between Tertiary and Quaternary Crassostrea oysters:\n\t\t\t\t\tPaleobiology,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t27,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t84\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t103,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1666\/0094-8373(2001)027&lt;0084:DIGRAE&gt;2.0.CO;2.","DOI":"10.1666\/0094-8373(2001)027<0084:DIGRAE>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Knowles1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knowles\n              T.\n            \n            \n              Leng\n              M.J.\n            \n            \n              Williams\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Taylor\n              P.D.\n            \n            \n              Sloane\n              H.J.\n            \n            \n              Okamura\n              B.\n            \n          \n          2010,\n\t\t\t\t\tInterpreting seawater temperature range using oxygen isotopes and zooid size variation in Pentapora foliacea (Bryozoa):\n\t\t\t\t\tMarine Biology,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t157,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t1171\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1180,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1007\/s00227-010-1397-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-010-1397-5"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Knowles2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knowles\n              T.\n            \n            \n              Taylor\n              P.D.\n            \n            \n              Williams\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Haywood\n              A.M.\n            \n            \n              Okamura\n              B.\n            \n          \n          2009,\n\t\t\t\t\tPliocene seasonality across the North Atlantic inferred from cheilostome bryozoans. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t77,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t226\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t235,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1016\/j.palaeo.2009.04.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2009.04.006"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Krantz1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krantz\n              D.E.\n            \n          \n          1990,\n\t\t\t\t\tMollusk-isotope records of Plio-Pleistocene marine paleoclimate, U.S. Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain:\n\t\t\t\t\tPALAIOS,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t5,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t317\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t335,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.2307\/3514888.","DOI":"10.2307\/3514888"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Krantz2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krantz\n              D.E.\n            \n          \n          1991,\n\t\t\t\t\tA chronology of Pliocene sea-level fluctuations: the U.S. Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain record:\n\t\t\t\t\tQuaternary Science 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\n            \n              Williams\n              D.F.\n            \n          \n          1988,\n\t\t\t\t\tA model for interpreting continental-shelf hydrographic processes from the stable isotope and cadmium:calcium profiles of scallop shells:\n\t\t\t\t\tPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t64,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t123\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t140,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1016\/0031-0182(88)90002-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-0182(88)90002-8"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Krantz5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krantz\n              D.E.\n            \n            \n              Williams\n              D.F.\n            \n            \n              Jones\n              D.S.\n            \n          \n          1987,\n\t\t\t\t\tEcological and paleoenvironmental information using stable isotope profiles from living and fossil molluscs:\n\t\t\t\t\tPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t58,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t249\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t266,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1016\/0031-0182(87)90064-2.","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-0182(87)90064-2"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Lisiecki1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lisiecki\n              L.E.\n            \n            \n              Raymo\n              M.E.\n            \n          \n          2005,\n\t\t\t\t\tA Pliocene\u2013Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic \u03b418O records:\n\t\t\t\t\tPaleoceanography,\n\t\t\t\t\tv. 20, 322.11\n\t\t\t\t\tKB, http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezproxy.derby.ac.uk\/doi\/10.1029\/2004PA001071\/full, checked December 2016.","DOI":"10.1029\/2004PA001071"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Mallinson1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mallinson\n              D.\n            \n            \n              Riggs\n              S.\n            \n            \n              Thieler\n           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10.1126\/science.1229180.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229180"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Schmidt1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt\n              D.N.\n            \n          \n          2007.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe closure history of the Central American Seaway: evidence from isotopes and fossils to models and molecules,\n\t\t\t\t\tinWilliamsM.HaywoodA.M.GregoryF.J.SchmidtD.N.\n\t\t\t\t\t(eds.),\n\t\t\t\t\tDeep Time Perspectives on Climate Change: Marrying the Signal from Computer Models and Biological Proxies:\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Micropalaeontological Society, Special Publications, The Geological Society, London, UK,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t427\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t442.","DOI":"10.1144\/TMS002.19"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Schone1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6ne\n              B.R.\n            \n            \n              Gillikin\n              D.P.\n            \n          \n          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1482-D,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t61."},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Williams1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Haywood\n              A.M.\n            \n            \n              Harper\n              E.M.\n            \n            \n              Johnson\n              A.L.A.\n            \n            \n              Knowles\n              T.\n            \n            \n              Leng\n              M.J.\n            \n            \n              Lunt\n              D.J.\n            \n            \n              Okamura\n              B.\n            \n            \n              Taylor\n              P.D.\n            \n            \n              Zalaziewicz\n              J.\n            \n          \n          2009,\n\t\t\t\t\tPliocene climate and seasonality in North Atlantic shelf seas:\n\t\t\t\t\tPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t367,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t85\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t108,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1098\/rsta.2008.0224.","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2008.0224"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Winkelstern1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winkelstern\n              I.\n            \n            \n              Surge\n              D.\n            \n            \n              Hudley\n              J.W.\n            \n          \n          2013,\n\t\t\t\t\tMultiproxy sclerochronological evidence for Plio-Pleistocene regional warmth: United States Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain:\n\t\t\t\t\tPALAIOS,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t28,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t649\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t660,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.2110\/palo.2013.p13-010r.","DOI":"10.2110\/palo.2013.p13-010r"},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Yamamoto1","unstructured":"Yamamoto\n              G.\n            \n          \n          1953,\n\t\t\t\t\tEcology of the scallop, Pecten yessoensis Jay:\n\t\t\t\t\tScience Reports of the Tohoku University, 4th Series (Biology),\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t20,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t11\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t32."},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Zarra1","unstructured":"Zarra\n              L.\n            \n          \n          1989,\n\t\t\t\t\tSequence stratigraphy and foraminiferal biostratigraphy for selected wells in the Albemarle embayment, North Carolina:\n\t\t\t\t\tNorth Carolina Geological Survey, Open-File Report\n\t\t\t\t\t89-5,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t48."},{"key":"2026060205262639200_i0883-1351-32-4-250-Zhang1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang\n              Z.-S.\n            \n            \n              Nisancioglu\n              K.H.\n            \n            \n              Chandler\n              M.A.\n            \n            \n              Haywood\n              A.M.\n            \n            \n              Otto-Bliesner\n              B.L.\n            \n            \n              Ramstein\n              G.\n            \n            \n              Stepanek\n              C.\n            \n            \n              Abe-Ouchi\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Chan\n              W.-L.\n            \n            \n              Bragg\n              F.J.\n            \n            \n              Contoux\n              C.\n            \n            \n              Dolan\n              A.M.\n            \n            \n              Hill\n              D.J.\n            \n            \n              Jost\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Kamae\n              Y.\n            \n            \n              Lohmann\n              G.\n            \n            \n              Lunt\n              D.J.\n            \n            \n              Rosenbloom\n              N.A.\n            \n            \n              Sohl\n              L.E.\n            \n            \n              Ueda\n              H.\n            \n          \n          2013,\n\t\t\t\t\tMid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation not unlike modern:\n\t\t\t\t\tClimate of the Past,\n\t\t\t\t\tv.\n\t\t\t\t\t9,\n\t\t\t\t\tp.\n\t\t\t\t\t1495\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1504,\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.5194\/cp-9-1495-2013.","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-9-1495-2013"}],"container-title":["Palaios"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/sepm\/palaios\/article-pdf\/32\/4\/250\/2838189\/i0883-1351-32-4-250.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/sepm\/palaios\/article-pdf\/32\/4\/250\/2838189\/i0883-1351-32-4-250.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:28:28Z","timestamp":1780392508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/palaios\/article\/32\/4\/250\/330685\/ISOTOPIC-TEMPERATURES-FROM-THE-EARLY-AND-MID"},"secondary":[{"URL":"http:\/\/palaios.geoscienceworld.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.2110\/palo.2016.080","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2110\/palo.2016.080","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-5323","0883-1351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-5323","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0883-1351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]}}}