none 10.2113/JEEG10.3.295 Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society 2613 24456598 59784 2026010513485491500 10.32389 2026-01-05T18:48:56Z 2006-11-16T15:34:14Z 40 Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 1943-2658 1083-1363 09 2005 09 01 2005 09 01 2005 10 3 A. Zerwer 1 Golder Associates Ltd., 1010 Lorne Street, Sudbury, ON, P3C 4R9, Canada M.A. Polak 2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada J.C. Santamarina 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. 30332 Abstract This study examines the use of Rayleigh waves for the detection and sizing of surface-breaking cracks in concrete members. First, finite element simulations are performed to define the conditions for Rayleigh wave propagation in members with rectangular cross-section followed by an experimental study with a concrete beam. Time histories recorded at different locations are 2D Fourier transformed into the frequency-wavenumber domain to enhance interpretation and data analysis. Rayleigh waves form at depths less than half the beam depth. With the introduction of a slot, Rayleigh waves are not observed behind the slot, except for the shortest slot depth, and the slot depth cannot be estimated in the frequency-wavenumber domain. Autospectrum calculations reveal strong Rayleigh wave reflections in front of the slot and by can be used to estimate slot depth when the wavelength is less than half the beam depth. 09 2005 09 01 2005 09 01 2005 295 306 10.2113/JEEG10.3.295 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/jeeg/article/10/3/295/139223/Detection-of-Surface-Breaking-Cracks-in-Concrete https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eegs/jeeg/article-pdf/10/3/295/3008040/295.pdf https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eegs/jeeg/article-pdf/10/3/295/3008040/295.pdf https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/jeeg/article/10/3/295/139223/detection-of-surface-breaking-cracks-in-concrete http://library.seg.org/doi/abs/10.2113/JEEG10.3.295 Journal of Applied Mechanics Aalami 1067 1973 Waves in prismatic guides of arbitrary cross section ACI 228.2R-98 62 1998 Nondestructive test methods for evaluation of concrete in structures Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Alleyne 1159 1991 A two-dimensional Fourier transform method for the measurement of propagating multimode signals Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Chree 250 1889 The equations of an isotropic elastic solid in polar and cylindrical coordinates, their solutions and applications Geophysics Coruh 252 1985 Stretched automatic amplitude adjustment of seismic data Douglas 53 1986 Use of surface waves in pavement evaluation Physical Review Hudson 46 1943 Dispersion of elastic waves in solid cylinders Kalinski 14 1994 Nondestructive identification of internally damaged areas on a concrete beam using the spectral analysis of surface waves method Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Kattis 1 1999 Modeling of pile wave barriers by effective trenches and their screening effectiveness Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A93 Lamb 114 1917 On waves in an elastic plate The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Lin 885 1992 Transient response of thick circular and square bars subjected to transverse elastic impact ACI Materials Journal Lin 494 1996 Use of stress waves for determining of depth of surface opening cracks in concrete structures The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America McNiven 23 1961 Extensional waves in a semi-infinite elastic rod Nazarian 38 1983 Use of spectral analysis of surface waves method for determination of moduli and thickness of pavement systems The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Oliver 189 1957 Elastic wave dispersion in a cylindrical rod by wide-band short-duration pulse technique Geophysical signal processing Peardon 388 1986 FK techniques in seismic processing ACI Materials Journal Popovics 127 2000 Application of surface wave transmission measurements for crack depth determination in concrete Proceedings of London Mathematical Society Rayleigh 4 1887 On waves propagated along the plane surface of an elastic solid Surface Waves in Geomechanics: Direct and Inverse Modeling for Soils and Rocks Rix 1 2005 Near-Surface Site Characterization Using Surface Waves Journal of the American Concrete Institute Sansalone 175 1989 Detecting delaminations in concrete slabs with and without overlays using impact echo method Handbook of nondestructive testing in concrete Sansalone 275 1991 Stress wave propagation methods ACI Structural Journal Sansalone 777 1997 Impact-Echo: The complete story Nondestructive evaluation of concrete and masonry Sansalone 339 1997 Impact-Echo Santamarina 350 2005 Discrete Signals and Inverse Problems-An Introduction for Engineers and Scientists Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Srivastava 695 2002 Response of soil media due to impulse loads and isolation using trenches Earthquake geotechnical engineering Tokimatsu 1333 1995 Geotechnical site characterization using surface waves Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE Woods 951 1968 Screening of surface waves in soils NDT & E International Zerwer 33 2000 Experimental investigation of wave propagation in thin Plexiglas plates: Implications for modeling and measuring Rayleigh waves ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering Zerwer 240 2002 Effect of slots on Rayleigh wave propagation: Experimental study with Plexiglas Investigation using Rayleigh waves, Ph.D. dissertation Zerwer 1999 Near surface fracture detection in structural elements Zienkiewicz 521 1971 The finite element method in engineering science