{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T06:47:33Z","timestamp":1772606853305,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spectral gamma-ray data can be obtained by non-destructive, automated, rapid and inexpensive survey methods. Previous studies utilise only total count, or total count as well as K, U and Th data. This work examines the use of Th\/K and Th\/U ratios to define the subsurface extent of partially-buried features at the centimeter to meter scale. On-site results are presented from two case studies as two-dimensional cross-sections. Changes in Th\/K and Th\/U ratios coincide with the known location of buried structures to within 10 cm horizontal resolution. Gradual changes in total count, K, U and Th measurements give a lower horizontal accuracy of 30 cm to 1 m. Grids of data were manipulated in ArcGISTM using a thin plate spline function to maximise information use and provide \u2018easy to interpret\u2019 maps of the survey areas. Unlike total count or individual element maps, Th\/K and Th\/U ratio maps can be compared to the known location of subsurface structures, vindicating the use of ratio cross-sections and maps in archaeological, geotechnical and forensic applications. It is concluded that the capacity to observe sub-surface features is enhanced through the use of Th\/K and Th\/U ratios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2113\/jeeg11.1.53","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,16]],"date-time":"2006-11-16T15:34:14Z","timestamp":1163691254000},"page":"53-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Th\/K and Th\/U Ratios from Spectral Gamma-Ray Surveys Improve the Mapped Definition of Subsurface Structures"],"prefix":"10.32389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Ruffell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland"},{"name":"School of Geography, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"McKinley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland"},{"name":"School of Geography, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.D.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland"},{"name":"School of Geography, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Queen's University, Belfast, N. 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