{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T02:32:06Z","timestamp":1780453926228,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SPE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this work, we present our unique technology to develop and apply digital twins for drilling fluids and associated wellbore phenomena during drilling operations. A drilling fluid digital twin is a series of interconnected models that incorporate the learning from geological uncertainty, complexity of drilling fluids and operational parameters to support well planning and real-time operations. We transform data collected throughout the years from all aspects of drilling fluids to value-added applications and include real-world conditions such as operation at extended temperatures and pressures, consideration for sensitive zones with tight control of the equivalent circulating density (ECD), and hole cleaning in deviated wellbores. With the advances presented in this work, cuttings bed height along the wellbore can be determined more accurately, and hence the \u2018fluid plan\u2019 together with operational parameters (such as mud flow rate and rate of penetration (ROP)) can be optimized to a higher level. In addition to the cuttings bed, an accurate workflow for monitoring of downhole fluid rheological properties at the rigsite is developed. Through the use of a digital twin, accurate high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) properties can be determined at the rigsite, which can more easily enable efficient and safe operations, as opposed to lab experiments that are often conducted remotely. We demonstrate the application of automated machine learning (autoML) to represent computational simulations and lab experiments. We also use test datasets and rotating cross-validation methods to ensure accurate and robust results. In both cases, very accurate models were obtained, and point the way for the inclusion of more aspects of the drilling operation including ROP optimization, fluid-loss control, drilling fluid properties management, and power transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2118\/199681-ms","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T20:15:06Z","timestamp":1582143306000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Digital Twins for Drilling Fluids: Advances and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.2118","author":[{"given":"Mehrdad G","family":"Shirangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Hughes"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Ettehadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Hughes"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Aragall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Hughes"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Furlong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Hughes"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Hughes"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Dahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Hughes"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahshad","family":"Samnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Hughes"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Hughes"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"861","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102400304909700_R1","article-title":"\"The Effect of Drill Pipe Rotation on Cuttings Transport in Inclined Wellbores.\"","author":"Bassal","year":"1996"},{"key":"2024102400304909700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2118\/163492-PA","article-title":"\"Real-Time Evaluation of Hole-Cleaning Conditions With a Transient Cuttings-Transport Model.\"","author":"Cayeux","year":"2014","journal-title":"SPE Drilling & Completion"},{"key":"2024102400304909700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark, R. K., and K. L.Bickham. 1994. \"A Mechanistic Model for Cuttings Transport.\"SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.","DOI":"10.2523\/28306-MS"},{"key":"2024102400304909700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grange, E.L.\n          \n          2018. \"A Roadmap for Adopting a Digital Lifecycle Approach to Offshore Oil and Gas Production.\"Offshore Technology Conference.","DOI":"10.4043\/28669-MS"},{"key":"2024102400304909700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ignatenko, Yaroslav, OlegBocharov, AndreyGavrilov, and RolandMay. 2018a. \"Steady-State Cuttings Tranpsort Simulation in Horizontal Borehole Annulus\".\"ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.","DOI":"10.1115\/OMAE2018-77266"},{"key":"2024102400304909700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ignatenko, Yaroslav, OlegBocharov, RolandMay, AndreyGavrilov, AlexanderShebelev, and AnatolyDekterev. 2018b. \"Continual modeling of cutting transport during drilling.\"AIP Conference Proceedings.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5027356"},{"issue":"77","key":"2024102400304909700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2011.04.004","article-title":"\"Experimental study and predictions of pressure losses of fluids modeled as Herschel\u2013Bulkley in concentric and eccentric annuli in laminar, transitional and turbulent flows.\"","volume":"3-4","author":"Kelessidis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102400304909700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.2514\/1.J055201","article-title":"\"Dynamic Bayesian network for aircraft wing health monitoring digital twin.\"","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aiaa Journal"},{"key":"2024102400304909700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozbayoglu, M.E., A.Saasen, and M.Sorgun. 2008. \"The Effect of Pipe Rotation on Hole Cleaning for Water-Based Drilling Fluid in Horizontal and Deviated Wells.\"IADC\/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition.","DOI":"10.2118\/114965-MS"},{"key":"2024102400304909700_R10","unstructured":"Powell, D.\n          \n          2017. Simulation and Analysis of a Drilling Fluid Using a Herschel-Bulkley Model. Master\u2019s thesis,. University of New Mexico."},{"key":"2024102400304909700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2019.04.003","article-title":"\"Closed-loop field development with multipoint geostatistics and statistical performance assessment.\"","volume":"390","author":"Shirangi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Physics"},{"key":"2024102400304909700_R12","unstructured":"Shirangi, M. G., Y.Oruganti, T.Wilson, E.Furlong, and . 2019. \"Prescriptive analytics for completion optimization in unconventional resources.\"Paper SPE-195311-MS presented at SPE Western Regional Meeting. San Jose."},{"key":"2024102400304909700_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-017-0233-1","article-title":"\"Digital twin-driven product design, manufacturing and service with big data.\"","volume":"94","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology"},{"key":"2024102400304909700_R14","unstructured":"Zhang, Feifei\n          . 2015. Numerical simulation and experimental study of cuttings transport in intermediate inclined wells. PhD Thesis. University of Tulsa."}],"event":{"name":"IADC\/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition","location":"Galveston, Texas, USA","acronym":"20DC","start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]}},"container-title":["IADC\/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onepetro.org\/SPEDC\/proceedings-pdf\/doi\/10.2118\/199681-MS\/3800129\/spe-199681-ms.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onepetro.org\/SPEDC\/proceedings-pdf\/doi\/10.2118\/199681-MS\/3800129\/spe-199681-ms.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:30:58Z","timestamp":1729729858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onepetro.org\/SPEDC\/proceedings\/20DC\/20DC\/D101S019R003\/446782"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"references-count":14,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2118\/199681-ms","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"article-number":"D101S019R003"}}