{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:33:05Z","timestamp":1773804785944,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SPE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>During drilling operations, measurements of drilling fluid\/mud viscosity and density provide key information to ensure safe operations (e.g., maintain wellbore integrity) and improve the rate of penetration (e.g., maintain proper hole cleaning). Nowadays, these measurements are still performed manually by using a calibrated funnel viscometer and a weight balance, as stipulated by current American Petroleum Institute (API) standards. In this study, we introduce an automated viscosity\/density measurement system based on an electromechanical tuning fork resonator. The system allows for continuous measurements as fast as several times per second in a compact footprint, allowing it to be deployed in tanks or pipelines and\/or gathering data from multiple sensors in the mud circulation system. The streams of data produced were broadcasted to a nearby computer allowing for live monitoring of the viscosity and density. The results obtained by the in-tank system in five wells were in good agreement with the standard reference measurements from the mud logs. Here, we describe the development and testing of the tool as well as general guidelines for integration into a rig edge-computing system for real-time analytics and detection of operational problems and drilling automation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2118\/204584-ms","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:08:28Z","timestamp":1639526908000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A New Viscosity and Density Sensing Platform for Drilling Automation"],"prefix":"10.2118","author":[{"given":"Miguel","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aramco Services Company: Aramco Research Center\u2014Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aramco Services Company: Aramco Research Center\u2014Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chinthaka","family":"Gooneratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Advanced Research Centre, EXPEC ARC, Saudi Aramco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aramco Services Company: Aramco Research Center\u2014Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aramco Services Company: Aramco Research Center\u2014Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Magana-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Advanced Research Centre, EXPEC ARC, Saudi Aramco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jothibasu","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Advanced Research Centre, EXPEC ARC, Saudi Aramco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Deffenbaugh,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aramco Services Company: Aramco Research Center\u2014Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"861","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024111220012667500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2019.04.001","article-title":"Hybrid model for efficient prediction of poly (A) signals in human genomic DNA","volume":"166","author":"Albalawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.100035","article-title":"Splice2Deep: An ensemble of deep convolutional neural networks for improved splice site prediction in genomic DNA","author":"Albaradei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gene: X 5"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024111220012667500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.31699\/IJCPE.2014.1.6","article-title":"Apparent viscosity direct from Marsh funnel test","volume":"15","author":"Almahdawi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshaikh, Abrar, Magana-Mora, Arturo, Gharbi, Salem Al. 2019. Machine learning for detecting stuck pipe incidents: Data analytics and models evaluation. Proc., International petroleum technology conference.","DOI":"10.2523\/IPTC-19394-MS"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashoor, Haitham, Mora, Arturo M, Awara, Karim. 2012. Recognition of translation initiation sites in Arabidopsis thaliana. In Systemic approaches in bioinformatics and computational systems biology: recent advances, 105\u2013116. IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-61350-435-2.ch005"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R6","article-title":"Drilling Mud and Cement Slurry Rheology Manual","author":"Broc","year":"1982"},{"issue":"16","key":"2024111220012667500_R7","first-page":"4697","article-title":"Review on hole cleaning for horizontal wells","volume":"12","author":"Busahmin","year":"2017","journal-title":"ARPN J Eng Appl Sci"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R8","article-title":"Method and device for measuring fluid properties using an electromechanical resonator, Google Patents (Reprint)","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024111220012667500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2017.2761218","article-title":"Viscosity and density measurements using mechanical oscillators in oil and gas applications","volume":"67","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3050919","article-title":"Development of an In-Tank Tuning Fork Resonator for Automated Viscosity\/Density Measurements of Drilling Fluids","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez, Miguel, Thiel, Tim, Swett, Dwight. 2019. Electromechanical Tuning Fork Resonator For Drilling Fluid Viscometry and Densitometry. Proc., 2019 IEEESENSORS1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1109\/SENSORS43011.2019.8956900"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drilling Hydrocarbon Wells","author":"Gooneratne","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gooneratne, Chinthaka P, Magana-Mora, Arturo, Affleck, Michael. 2020. Camera-Based Edge Analytics for Drilling Optimization. Proc., 2020 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing(EDGE)111-115.","DOI":"10.1109\/EDGE50951.2020.00024"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024111220012667500_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1109\/EMR.2020.2999420","article-title":"Drilling in the Fourth Industrial Revolution\u2014Vision and Challenges","volume":"48","author":"Gooneratne","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Engineering Management Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024111220012667500_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2018.05.010","article-title":"Machine learning in chemoinformatics and drug discovery","volume":"23","author":"Lo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug discovery today"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magana-Mora, Arturo, Gharbi, Salem, Alshaikh, Abrar. 2019. AccuPipePred: A framework for the accurate and early detection of stuck pipe for real-time drilling operations. Proc., SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference.","DOI":"10.2118\/194980-MS"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-9246-3_1","article-title":"Symbols and Units","volume-title":"In Drilling Mud and Cement Slurry Rheology Manual","author":"Monicard","year":"1982"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R18","article-title":"Recommended practice for field testing of oil-based drilling fluids","author":"RP, API","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024111220012667500_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27495-x","article-title":"DPubChem: a web tool for QSAR modeling and high-throughput virtual screening","volume":"8","author":"Soufan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"key":"2024111220012667500_R20","unstructured":"Sun, Yixuan and Huang, Haiying. 2015. Effect of rheology on drilling mud loss in a natural fracture. Proc., 49th US Rock Mechanics\/Geomechanics Symposium."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024111220012667500_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/21693277.2016.1192517","article-title":"Machine learning in manufacturing: advantages, challenges, and applications","volume":"4","author":"Wuest","year":"2016","journal-title":"Production & Manufacturing Research"}],"event":{"name":"SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference","location":"event canceled","acronym":"21MEOS","start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}},"container-title":["SPE Middle East Oil &amp; Gas Show and Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onepetro.org\/SPEMEOS\/proceedings-pdf\/doi\/10.2118\/204584-MS\/4038834\/spe-204584-ms.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onepetro.org\/SPEMEOS\/proceedings-pdf\/doi\/10.2118\/204584-MS\/4038834\/spe-204584-ms.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T20:01:35Z","timestamp":1731441695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onepetro.org\/SPEMEOS\/proceedings\/21MEOS\/21MEOS\/D021S002R001\/474457"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2118\/204584-ms","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"article-number":"D021S002R001"}}