{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T10:11:33Z","timestamp":1768990293824,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SPE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Energy companies, like Statoil and TOTAL conduct Environmental Risk assessments (ERAs) as part of their risk management processes to ensure acceptable environmental risk for all operations. In some parts of the world, ERAs are required by regulators to assess risk and as a basis for evaluating risk reducing measures. A standardized ERA Acute method has been developed, providing quantitative assessment of environmental impact and risk of acute oil spills covering four environmental compartments: sea surface, shoreline, water column and seafloor. The method usesoil drift simulations and Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs) data as input. Based on a selection of relevant oil spill incidents, impact and recovery timesare calculated for VECs in all compartmentsusingcontinuous functions. Several endpoints are provided including the \"Resource Damage Factor\" (RDF) combining the extent of an impact with recovery time, the risk matrix, and a risk comparison tool, e.g. for quantifying effects of risk reducing measures. The methodology has been benchmarked and compared to the current industry standard ERA used on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS), the MIRA method (NOROG, 2007). The ERA Acute method has also been compared with data from the real spill incidents: Deepwater Horizon (Gulf of Mexico, 2010) and Exxon Valdez (Alaska, 1989). Estimated impact and recovery time of incidents, e.g. from post-spill monitoring of environmental impact and reconstructed oil exposure data from satellite have been compared to ERA acute calculations and oil spill simulations. Acknowledging that validation of the model is challenging, the results support the new impact algorithms, and are within the range of expected uncertainties related to field observations. The continuous risk functions better discriminate the effect of small spills and of mitigation measures compared toMIRA methodology, and details of the exposure mechanisms such as exposure time and specific behavior of surface species are also included. The validity and applicability of the new ERA Acute methodology are presented in the paper, including the benefits the industry obtains from a standardized methodology providing reliable environmental risk estimations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2118\/190540-ms","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,9]],"date-time":"2018-04-09T19:19:39Z","timestamp":1523301579000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["ERA Acute-Implementation of a New Method for Environmental Risk Assessment of Acute Offshore Oil Spills"],"prefix":"10.2118","author":[{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Libre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Total"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Collin-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statoil"}]},{"given":"Grethe","family":"Kjeilen-Eilertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Total"}]},{"given":"Tonje Waterloo","family":"Rogstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statoil"}]},{"given":"Cathrine","family":"Stephansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akvaplan-niva"}]},{"given":"Odd Willy","family":"Brude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNV GL"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Bjorgesaeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACONA"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Br\u00f6nner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SINTEF"}]}],"member":"861","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103014285414300_R1","article-title":"ERA Acute Phase 3 \u2013 Surface compartment","volume":"04","author":"Bj\u00f8rges\u00e6ter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acona report to Statoil and Total"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Validation with field data, ERA Acute Project Report WP2b","author":"Bj\u00f8rgesaeter","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R3","first-page":"81","article-title":"Joint Report \u2013 Impact and restitution model \u2013 Water column","author":"Br\u00f6nner","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R4","first-page":"87","article-title":"ERA Acute Calculator \u2013 Technical specification","author":"Br\u00f6nner","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R5","first-page":"49","article-title":"ERA Acute and MIRA methodology comparison","author":"Brude","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R6","first-page":"43","article-title":"Development of Shoreline Compartment Algorithms","author":"Brude","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R7","first-page":"43","article-title":"Environmental Risk Management Application","author":"Brude","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R8","article-title":"Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Final Programmatic Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan and Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement","volume-title":"Injury to Natural Resources","author":"Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment Trustees","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1897\/03-382","article-title":"Oil spill impact modeling: Development and validation","volume":"23","author":"French-McCay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R10","unstructured":"French-McCay, D.\n          , 2009. State-of-the-art and research needs for oil spill impact assessment modeling, in: Proceedings of the 32nd AMOP Technical Seminar on Environmental Contamination and Response. Emergencies Science Division, Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 601\u2013653."},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R11","article-title":"Oil Spill Risk Assessment and response planning for offshore installations","author":"IPIECA\/IOGP","year":"2013"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R12","unstructured":"Libre\n              J.M.\n            , JennetC., VandenbusscheV., Results of Environmental Risk Analysis carried out on offshore Dunbar Installation, 12th Offshore Mediterranean Conference and Exhibition in Ravenna, 2015, Italy."},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R13","article-title":"Oil Spill Dispersants - Efficacy and Effects","author":"National Research Council of the National Academies","year":"2005"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R14","article-title":"Threshold values and exposure to risk functions for oil components in the water column to be used for risk assessment of acute discharges (EIF Acute)","author":"Nilsen","year":"2006"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R15","article-title":"Environmental sensitivity index guidelines","author":"NOAA","year":"2002"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R16","unstructured":"NOAA, 2017. ERMA Deepwater Gulf Response. A mapping application that displays data from the Deepwater Horizon Response and the Natural Resource Damage Assessment[WWW Document]. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adm. URL https:\/\/gomex.erma.noaa.gov\/erma.html"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R17","article-title":"Method for environmental risk analysis (Mira, version 2007)","author":"NOROG","year":"2007"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R18","article-title":"SINTEF MEMW, (Marine Environmental Modeling Workbench) User Manual","author":"SINTEF","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R19","article-title":"EIF Acute Damage and restoration modeling","author":"Spikkerud","year":"2006"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R20","article-title":"ERA Acute \u2013 A Multi-Compartment environmental oil spill risk assessment model","author":"Stephansen","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024103014285414300_R21","first-page":"126","article-title":"ERA Acute \u2013 Development of Seafloor Compartment Algorithms \u2013 Biological Modeling","author":"Stephansen","year":"2015"}],"event":{"name":"SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility","location":"Abu Dhabi, UAE","acronym":"18HSE","start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]]}},"container-title":["SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onepetro.org\/SPEHSE\/proceedings-pdf\/doi\/10.2118\/190540-MS\/3813077\/spe-190540-ms.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onepetro.org\/SPEHSE\/proceedings-pdf\/doi\/10.2118\/190540-MS\/3813077\/spe-190540-ms.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T15:29:08Z","timestamp":1730302148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onepetro.org\/SPEHSE\/proceedings\/18HSE\/18HSE\/D021S010R002\/215096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2118\/190540-ms","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"article-number":"D021S010R002"}}