{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:08:28Z","timestamp":1789452508037,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SPE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The paper evaluates the reliability of the most common empirical correlations used for determining reservoir fluid properties whenever laboratory PVT data are not available: bubblepoint pressure, solution GOR, bubblepoint OFVF, isothermal compressibility, dead-oil viscosity, gas-saturated oil viscosity and undersaturated oil viscosity,<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The reliability has been evaluated against a set of about 65 heavy and extra-heavy oil samples. About 1200 measured data points have been collected and investigated. All measured data points are reported in the paper. For all the correlations, the following statistical parameters have been calculated: a) relative deviation between estimated and experimental values, b) average absolute percent error, c) standard deviation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Oil samples have been divided in two different API gravity classes: extra-heavy oils for \u00b0API&amp;lt; 10, heavy oils for 10&amp;lt;\u00b0API&amp;lt; 22.3.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The best correlations for each class of API gravity have been evaluated for each oil-property.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The functional forms of the correlations that gave the best results for each oil property have been used for finding a better correlation with errors reduced, on average, by 10%. In particular, for extra-heavy oils, since no correlations are available in literature (except for viscosity), a special investigation has been performed and new equations are proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2118\/30316-ms","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,20]],"date-time":"2007-12-20T22:37:18Z","timestamp":1198190238000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Pressure-Volume-Temperature Correlations for Heavy and Extra Heavy Oils"],"prefix":"10.2118","author":[{"given":"Giambattista","family":"De Ghetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AGIP S.p.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Paone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AGIP S.p.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AGIP S.p.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"861","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024120923275855200_R1","article-title":"Volumetric and Phase Behaviour of Oil Field Hydrocarbon System","volume-title":"SPE-AIME","author":"Standing","year":"1981"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Oil-System Correlations","volume-title":"Petroleum Production Handbook,","author":"Standing","year":"1962"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R3","first-page":"275","article-title":"A Pressure-Voiume-Temperature Correlation for Mixtures of California Oils and Gases","volume-title":"Drill & Prod. Pract.,","author":"Standing","year":"1947"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R4","first-page":"379","article-title":"Bubble Point Pressure Correlation","volume":"213","author":"Lasater","year":"1958","journal-title":"Transaction AIME"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2118\/1092-G","article-title":"A Viscosity Correlation for Gas-Saturated Crude Oils","volume":"216","author":"Chew","year":"1959","journal-title":"Transactions AIME"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R6","first-page":"1140","article-title":"Estimating the Viscosity of Crude Oil Systems","volume-title":"JPT","author":"Beggs","year":"1975"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R10","first-page":"650","article-title":"PVT Correlations for Middle East Crude Oils","volume-title":"JPT","author":"AI-Marhoun","year":"1988"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R11","first-page":"62-1","article-title":"Pressure-Volume-Temperature Correlations for Western Canadian Gases and oils","volume-title":"Petroleum Society of CIM","author":"Asgapur","year":"1988"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-4105(90)90034-Z","article-title":"Use of Production Data to Estimate Volume Factor, Density and Compressibility of Reservoir Fluids","volume":"4","author":"Labedi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R13","article-title":"New Correlations for Estimating Hydrocarbon Liquid Properties","author":"Kartoatmodjo","year":"1990"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024120923275855200_R14","first-page":"80","article-title":"New correlation for estimating the viscosity of under saturated crude oils","volume":"29","author":"Majeed","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R7","article-title":"Correlations for Fluid Physical Property Prediction","volume":"6719","author":"Vasquez","year":"1977","journal-title":"SPE"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R8","first-page":"785","article-title":"Generalised Pressure-Volume-Temperature Correlations","volume-title":"JPT","author":"Glaso","year":"1980"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-4105(90)90009-R","article-title":"An Improved Temperature-Viscosity Correlation for Crude Oil Systems","volume":"5","author":"Egbogah","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R15","first-page":"92","article-title":"Estimation of Solution GOR of Black Oils","volume-title":"JPT","author":"Rollins","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-4105(92)90035-Y","article-title":"Improved correlations for predicting the viscosity of light crudes","volume":"8","author":"Labedi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R17","first-page":"395","article-title":"Pressure-Voiume-Temperature Correlations for Gulf of Mexico Crude Oils","volume":"26644","author":"Petrosky","year":"1993","journal-title":"SPE"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R18","article-title":"The Viscosity of Air, Water, Natural Gas, Crude Oil and Its Associated Gases at Oil Field Temperatures and Pressures","volume-title":"Oil and Gas Property Evaluation and Reserve Estimates,","author":"Beal","year":"1970"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R19","article-title":"Petroleum Production Handbook","volume":"2","author":"Slotte in Frick T.C.","year":"1962","journal-title":"SPE-AIME"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R20","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Fundamental of Reservoir Engineering,","author":"Calhoun","year":"1947"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.2118\/899-G","article-title":"Compressibility of Under saturated Hydrocarbon Reservoir Fluids","volume":"210","author":"Tr\u00fcbe","year":"1957","journal-title":"Transaction AIME"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R22","article-title":"An empirical Correlation for Oil FVF Prediction","volume-title":"Journal of Petroleum Technology.","author":"Majeed"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R23","first-page":"214","article-title":"Correlating the PVT Properties of Nigerian Crudes","volume":"109","author":"Obomanu","year":"1987","journal-title":"Transaction ASME"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-4105(91)90053-P","article-title":"Evaluation of Correlation for Estimating the Viscosity of Hydrocarbon Fluids","volume":"5","author":"Ali","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal, of Petroleum Science and Engineering,"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R25","first-page":"79","article-title":"Evaluation of Empirically Derived PVT Properties for Gulf of Mexico Crude Oils","volume-title":"SPE Reservoir Engineering","author":"Sutton","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R26","article-title":"Studio di Affidabilit\u00e0 di Correlazioni per la Stima delle Propriet\u00e0 di Oli di Giacimento","volume-title":"Agip (internal report)","author":"Callegari","year":"1992"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R27","article-title":"PE 406-Petroleum Engineering IHRDC E and P Video Library","author":"Lang"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R28","first-page":"54","article-title":"Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology","author":"Davis","year":"1973"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R29","article-title":"Statistics","volume-title":"Collana Schaum","author":"Spiegel","year":"1976"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R30","first-page":"927","article-title":"Two-Phase Vertical Flow in Oils Wells-Prediction of Pressure Drop","volume-title":"JPT","author":"Chierici","year":"1974"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R31","article-title":"Principi di Ingegneria dei Giacimenti Petroliferi","volume":"1","author":"Chierici","year":"1991","journal-title":"Aglp-S.P.A"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R32","article-title":"Studio di Affidabilit\u00e0 delle Correlazioni che Stimano le Propriet\u00e0 degli Oli di Giacimento","author":"Paone","year":"1993"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024120923275855200_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2118\/90-04-11","article-title":"A correlation of viscosity and molecular weight","volume":"29","author":"Closmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R34","first-page":"266","article-title":"Reservoir-fluid property correlations-State of the Art","volume-title":"SPE Reservoir Engineering","author":"McCain","year":"1991"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R35","first-page":"71","article-title":"Simple concept predicts viscosity of heavy oil and bitumen","volume-title":"Oil & Gas Journal","author":"Puttagunta","year":"1993"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R36","first-page":"56","article-title":"API Gravity and Viscosity Determine Crude Oil Sulphur Concentration","volume-title":"Petroleum Engineer International","author":"Al-Blehed","year":"1993"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R37","first-page":"157","article-title":"Heavy oil viscosity range from one test","volume-title":"Hydrocarbon Processing","author":"Singh","year":"1993"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R38","first-page":"18","article-title":"Chemical Composition Determines Behaviour of Reservoir Fluids","volume-title":"Petroleum Engineer International","author":"McCain","year":"1993"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R39","first-page":"24","article-title":"Black Oils and Volatile Oils-What's the Difference?","volume-title":"Petroleum Engineer International","author":"McCain","year":"1993"},{"key":"2024120923275855200_R40","first-page":"35","article-title":"Volatile oils and Retrograde Gases-What's the Difference?","volume-title":"Petroleum Engineer International","author":"McCain","year":"1994"}],"event":{"name":"SPE International Heavy Oil Symposium","location":"Calgary, Alberta, Canada","acronym":"95IHOS","start":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,19]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,21]]}},"container-title":["SPE International Heavy Oil 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