{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:12:05Z","timestamp":1791216725161,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2013.00165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T20:39:31Z","timestamp":1404247171000},"page":"191-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms of Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Crosswhite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongjie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2001191_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0b013e3181d4e921","volume":"18","author":"JR Anderson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anderson JR, Nawarskas JJ. (2010) Pharmacotherapeutic management of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiol. Rev. 18:148\u201362.","journal-title":"Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"2001191_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.018","volume":"54","author":"NW Morrell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Morrell NW, et al. (2009) Cellular and molecular basis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54:S20\u201331.","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol"},{"key":"2001191_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507273330403","volume":"333","author":"A Giaid","year":"1995","unstructured":"Giaid A, Saleh D. (1995) Reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 333:214\u201321.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.40.12.1397","volume":"40","author":"J Szczeklik","year":"1978","unstructured":"Szczeklik J, et al. (1978) Effects of prostaglandin E1 on pulmonary circulation in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Br. Heart J. 40:1397\u2013401.","journal-title":"Heart J."},{"key":"2001191_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207093270202","volume":"327","author":"BW Christman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Christman BW, et al. (1992) An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 327:70\u20135.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-6-464","volume":"114","author":"DJ Stewart","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stewart DJ, Levy RD, Cernacek P, Langleben D. (1991) Increased plasma endothelin-1 in pulmonary hypertension: marker or mediator of disease? Ann. Intern. Med. 114:464\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1038\/nm764","volume":"8","author":"JM Launay","year":"2002","unstructured":"Launay JM, et al. (2002) Function of the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor in pulmonary hypertension. Nat. Med. 8:1129\u201335.","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.591321","volume":"113","author":"S Eddahibi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eddahibi S, et al. (2006) Cross talk between endothelial and smooth muscle cells in pulmonary hypertension: critical role for serotonin-induced smooth muscle hyperplasia. Circulation. 113:1857\u201364.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2001191_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-100","volume":"10","author":"S Uchida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uchida S, et al. (2009) An integrated approach for the systematic identification and characterization of heart-enriched genes with unknown functions. BMC Genomics. 10:100.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2001191_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281240","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/281240","volume":"2011","author":"C Savoia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Savoia C, et al. (2011) Vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in experimental hypertension. Int. J. Hypertens. 2011:281240.","journal-title":"Int. J. Hypertens"},{"key":"2001191_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328332bcdb","volume":"28","author":"P Crosswhite","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crosswhite P, Sun Z. (2010) Nitric oxide, oxidative stress and inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Hypertens. 28:201\u201312.","journal-title":"Hypertens"},{"key":"2001191_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2106007","volume":"165","author":"K Balabanian","year":"2002","unstructured":"Balabanian K, et al. (2002) CX(3)C chemokine fractalkine in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 165:1419\u201325.","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L363","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00212.2011","volume":"302","author":"JG Gomez-Arroyo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gomez-Arroyo JG, et al. (2011) The monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension in perspective. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 302:L363\u20139.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"2001191_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.70.Suppl_1.S2","volume":"70","author":"ZW Ghamra","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ghamra ZW, Dweik RA. (2003) Primary pulmonary hypertension: an overview of epidemiology and pathogenesis. Cleve Clin. J. Med. 70 Suppl 1:S2\u20138.","journal-title":"Cleve Clin. J. Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.87","volume":"8","author":"RT Schermuly","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schermuly RT, Ghofrani HA, Wilkins MR, Grimminger F. (2011) Mechanisms of disease: pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 8:443\u201355.","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol"},{"key":"2001191_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.029","volume":"43","author":"M Humbert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Humbert M, et al. (2004) Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 43:13S\u201324S.","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol"},{"key":"2001191_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1053\/pcad.2002.130041","volume":"45","author":"TK Jeffery","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jeffery TK, Morrell NW. (2002) Molecular and cellular basis of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 45:173\u2013202.","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"2001191_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2174\/157016107779317161","volume":"5","author":"A Bouallegue","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bouallegue A, Daou GB, Srivastava AK. (2007) Endothelin-1-induced signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. 5:45\u201352.","journal-title":"Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2001191_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.26.2.4695","volume":"26","author":"LH Clapp","year":"2002","unstructured":"Clapp LH, et al. (2002) Differential effects of stable prostacyclin analogs on smooth muscle proliferation and cyclic AMP generation in human pulmonary artery. Am. J. Respir. Cell Moll. Biol. 26:194\u2013201.","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2001191_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C584","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1986.250.4.C584","volume":"250","author":"NE Owen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Owen NE. (1986) Effect of prostaglandin E1 on DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. 250:C584\u20138.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(84)90107-2","volume":"53","author":"J Nilsson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Nilsson J, Olsson AG. (1984) Prostaglandin E1 inhibits DNA synthesis in arterial smooth muscle cells stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor. Atherosclerosis. 53:77\u201382.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2001191_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.21.1.3502","volume":"21","author":"KB Jourdan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jourdan KB, Evans TW, Lamb NJ, Goldstraw P, Mitchell JA. (1999) Autocrine function of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in proliferation of human and rat pulmonary artery smooth-muscle cells: species variation. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 21:105\u201310.","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2001191_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2815","volume":"138","author":"S Rich","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rich S, et al. (2010) Long-term effects of epoprostenol on the pulmonary vasculature in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest. 138:1234\u20139.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2001191_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1086\/303059","volume":"67","author":"Z Deng","year":"2000","unstructured":"Deng Z, et al. (2000) Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67:737\u201344.","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2001191_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/79226","volume":"26","author":"KB Lane","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lane KB, et al. (2000) Heterozygous germline mutations in BMPR2, encoding a TGF-beta receptor, cause familial primary pulmonary hypertension. Nat. Genet. 26:81\u20134.","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"2001191_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200108023450503","volume":"345","author":"RC Trembath","year":"2001","unstructured":"Trembath RC, et al. (2001) Clinical and molecular genetic features of pulmonary hypertension in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. N. Engl. J. Med. 345:325\u201334.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.11890","volume":"59","author":"A Chaouat","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chaouat A, et al. (2004) Endoglin germline mutation in a patient with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and dexfenfluramine associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thorax 59:446\u20138.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2001191_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.6.627","volume":"14","author":"J Massague","year":"2000","unstructured":"Massague J, Chen YG. (2000) Controlling TGF-beta signaling. Genes. Dev. 14:627\u201344.","journal-title":"Genes. Dev"},{"key":"2001191_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9670","volume":"221","author":"H Beppu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Beppu H, et al. (2000) BMP type II receptor is required for gastrulation and early development of mouse embryos. Dev. Biol. 221:249\u201358.","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2001191_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021650","volume":"348","author":"L Du","year":"2003","unstructured":"Du L, et al. (2003) Signaling molecules in nonfamilial pulmonary hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 348:500\u20139.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00221-2","volume":"49","author":"BA Markewitz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Markewitz BA, Farrukh IS, Chen Y, Li Y, Michael JR. (2001) Regulation of endothelin-1 synthesis in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Effects of transforming growth factor-beta and hypoxia. Cardiovasc. Res. 49:200\u20136.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"2001191_CR32","first-page":"11","volume":"3","author":"RJ Barst","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barst RJ. (2007) A review of pulmonary arterial hypertension: role of ambrisentan. Vasc. Health Risk Manag. 3:11\u201322.","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"2001191_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C824","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00592.2005","volume":"292","author":"BS Zuckerbraun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zuckerbraun BS, et al. (2007) Nitric oxide-induced inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation involves S-nitrosation and inactivation of RhoA. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 292:C824\u201331.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR34","first-page":"44","volume":"19","author":"JW Landsberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Landsberg JW, Yuan JX. (2004) Calcium and TRP channels in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. News Physiol. Sci. 19:44\u201350.","journal-title":"News Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"2001191_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/361315a0","volume":"361","author":"MJ Berridge","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berridge MJ. (1993) Inositol trisphosphate and calcium signalling. Nature. 361:315\u201325.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2001191_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-500-2_7","volume":"661","author":"XR Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang XR, Lin MJ, Sham JS. (2010) Physiological functions of transient receptor potential channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 661:109\u201322.","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"2001191_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.88.3.325","volume":"88","author":"R Inoue","year":"2001","unstructured":"Inoue R, et al. (2001) The transient receptor potential protein homologue TRP6 is the essential component of vascular alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-activated Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel. Circ. Res. 88:325\u201332.","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2001191_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2196","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00605.2002","volume":"283","author":"DF Slish","year":"2002","unstructured":"Slish DF, Welsh DG, Brayden JE. (2002) Diacylglycerol and protein kinase C activate cation channels involved in myogenic tone. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 283:H2196\u2013201.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.14.1400","volume":"98","author":"JX Yuan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yuan JX, et al. (1998) Dysfunctional voltage-gated K+ channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 98:1400\u20136.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2001191_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.88.6.555","volume":"88","author":"MW Geraci","year":"2001","unstructured":"Geraci MW, et al. (2001) Gene expression patterns in the lungs of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: a gene microarray analysis. Circ. Res. 88:555\u201362.","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2001191_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.147785","volume":"329","author":"S Joshi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Joshi S, Sedivy V, Hodyc D, Herget J, Gurney AM. (2009) KCNQ modulators reveal a key role for KCNQ potassium channels in regulating the tone of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. 329:368\u201376.","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther."},{"key":"2001191_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/20.3.485","volume":"20","author":"RP Huang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Huang RP, et al. (1999) Tumor promotion by hydrogen peroxide in rat liver epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis. 20:485\u201392.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2001191_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L740","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00284.2002","volume":"285","author":"S Zhang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang S, et al. (2003) Bone morphogenetic proteins induce apoptosis in human pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 285:L740\u201354.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000145360.16770.9f","volume":"95","author":"MS McMurtry","year":"2004","unstructured":"McMurtry MS, et al. (2004) Dichloroacetate prevents and reverses pulmonary hypertension by inducing pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Circ. Res. 95:830\u201340.","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2001191_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.6.2198-2208.2000","volume":"20","author":"H Liu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liu H, Nishitoh H, Ichijo H, Kyriakis JM. (2000) Activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) by tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 requires prior dissociation of the ASK1 inhibitor thioredoxin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:2198\u2013208.","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2001191_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-8932.87300","volume":"1","author":"GH Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim GH, Ryan JJ, Marsboom G, Archer SL. (2011) Epigenetic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension. Pulm. Circ. 1:347\u201356.","journal-title":"Pulm. Circ"},{"key":"2001191_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2011.79","volume":"34","author":"XF Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu XF, Cheng F, Du LZ. (2011) Epigenetic regulation of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Hypertens. Res. 34:981\u20136.","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"2001191_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.916098","volume":"121","author":"SL Archer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Archer SL, et al. (2010) Epigenetic attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a basis for excessive cell proliferation and a new therapeutic target. Circulation. 121:2661\u201371.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2001191_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32833e08f1","volume":"28","author":"XF Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu XF, et al. (2011) Epigenetic regulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn rat. J. Hypertens. 28:2227\u201335.","journal-title":"J. Hypertens"},{"key":"2001191_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-8932.101395","volume":"2","author":"K White","year":"2012","unstructured":"White K, Loscalzo J, Chan SY. (2012) Holding our breath: The emerging and anticipated roles of microRNA in pulmonary hypertension. Pulm. Circ. 2:278\u201390.","journal-title":"Pulm. Circ"},{"key":"2001191_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.060269","volume":"125","author":"VN Parikh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parikh VN, et al. (2012) MicroRNA-21 integrates pathogenic signaling to control pulmonary hypertension: results of a network bioinformatics approach. Circulation. 125:1520\u201332.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2001191_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.182014","volume":"104","author":"MK Steiner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Steiner MK, et al. (2009) Interleukin-6 overexpression induces pulmonary hypertension. Circ. Res. 104:236\u201344.","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2001191_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L521","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00316.2011","volume":"302","author":"S Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang S, et al. (2012) miR-21 regulates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 302:L521\u20139.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L861","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00201.2010","volume":"299","author":"J Sarkar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sarkar J, et al. (2010) MicroRNA-21 plays a role in hypoxia-mediated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 299:L861\u201371.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25414","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.460287","volume":"288","author":"K Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang K, et al. (2013) MicroRNA-124 suppresses the transactivation of nuclear factor of activated T cells by targeting multiple genes and inhibits the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 288:25414\u201327.","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"2001191_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46808","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046808","volume":"7","author":"S Jalali","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jalali S, et al. (2012) Mir-206 regulates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. PLoS One. 7:e46808.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2001191_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L682","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00344.2011","volume":"303","author":"D Gou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gou D, et al. (2012) miR-210 has an antiapoptotic effect in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells during hypoxia. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 303:L682\u201391.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101812","volume":"208","author":"A Courboulin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Courboulin A, et al. (2011) Role for miR-204 in human pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Exp. Med. 208:535\u201348.","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006167","volume":"129","author":"J Meloche","year":"2014","unstructured":"Meloche J, et al. (2014) Role for DNA damage signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation. 129:786\u201397.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2001191_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201106-1130OC","volume":"184","author":"KM Drake","year":"2011","unstructured":"Drake KM, et al. (2011) Altered microRNA processing in heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension: an important role for Smad-8. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 184:1400\u20138.","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3040","volume":"19","author":"J Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim J, et al. (2013) An endothelial apelin-FGF link mediated by miR-424 and miR-503 is disrupted in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat. Med. 19:74\u201382.","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1382-5","volume":"70","author":"JS Grant","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grant JS, White K, MacLean MR, Baker AH. (2013) MicroRNAs in pulmonary arterial remodeling. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 70:4479\u201394.","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"2001191_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meloche J, Paulin R, Provencher S, Bonnet S. (2013) Therapeutic potential of microRNA modulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. 2013, May 13. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.2174\/15701611113119990010"},{"key":"2001191_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-011-0788-5","volume":"89","author":"R Paulin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paulin R, Courboulin A, Barrier M, Bonnet S. (2011) From oncoproteins\/tumor suppressors to microRNAs, the newest therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Mol. Med. (Berl). 89:1089\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Mol. Med. (Berl)"},{"key":"2001191_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-500-2_28","volume":"661","author":"F Grimminger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grimminger F, Schermuly RT. (2010) PDGF receptor and its antagonists: role in treatment of PAH. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 661:435\u201346.","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"2001191_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041130213","volume":"113","author":"GR Grotendorst","year":"1982","unstructured":"Grotendorst GR, Chang T, Seppa HE, Kleinman HK, Martin GR. (1982) Platelet-derived growth factor is a chemoattractant for vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 113:261\u20136.","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol"},{"key":"2001191_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.71.4.1207","volume":"71","author":"R Ross","year":"1974","unstructured":"Ross R, Glomset J, Kariya B, Harker L. (1974) A platelet-dependent serum factor that stimulates the proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 71:1207\u201310.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"2001191_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24838","volume":"115","author":"RT Schermuly","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schermuly RT, et al. (2005) Reversal of experimental pulmonary hypertension by PDGF inhibition. J. Clin. Invest. 115:2811\u201321.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"2001191_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.11030554","volume":"11","author":"M Humbert","year":"1998","unstructured":"Humbert M, et al. (1998) Platelet-derived growth factor expression in primary pulmonary hypertension: comparison of HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative patients. Eur. Respir. J. 11:554\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2001191_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C316","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00125.2002","volume":"284","author":"Y Yu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yu Y, et al. (2003) PDGF stimulates pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by upregulating TRPC6 expression. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 284:C316\u201330.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L826","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00199.2002","volume":"284","author":"V Balasubramaniam","year":"2003","unstructured":"Balasubramaniam V, et al. (2003) Role of platelet-derived growth factor in vascular remodeling during pulmonary hypertension in the ovine fetus. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 284:L826\u201333.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1162","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00180.2004","volume":"288","author":"RP Jankov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jankov RP, et al. (2005) A role for platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor in a newborn rat model of endothelin-mediated pulmonary vascular remodeling. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 288:L1162\u201370.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc051946","volume":"353","author":"HA Ghofrani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Grimminger F. (2005) Imatinib for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 353:1412\u20133.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000765","volume":"127","author":"MM Hoeper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoeper MM, et al. (2013) Imatinib mesylate as add-on therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: results of the randomized IMPRES study. Circulation. 127:1128\u201338.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2001191_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2013.49.3.1937430","volume":"49","author":"H Mucke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mucke H. (2013) The role of imatinib in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Drugs Today. (Barc). 49:203\u201311.","journal-title":"Drugs Today. (Barc)"},{"key":"2001191_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35337","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M803342200","volume":"283","author":"RL Clifford","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clifford RL, Deacon K, Knox AJ. (2008) Novel regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) by transforming growth factor (beta)1: requirement for Smads, (beta)-CATENIN, AND GSK3(beta). J. Biol. Chem. 283:35337\u201353.","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"2001191_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.006","volume":"54","author":"PM Hassoun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hassoun PM, et al. (2009) Inflammation, growth factors, and pulmonary vascular remodeling. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54:S10\u20139.","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol"},{"key":"2001191_CR78","first-page":"H1948","volume":"275","author":"C Partovian","year":"1998","unstructured":"Partovian C, et al. (1998) Heart and lung VEGF mRNA expression in rats with monocrotaline- or hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. 275:H1948\u201356.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4201.097838","volume":"104","author":"AI Campbell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Campbell AI, Zhao Y, Sandhu R, Stewart DJ. (2001) Cell-based gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 104:2242\u20138.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2001191_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.23.6.4106","volume":"23","author":"C Partovian","year":"2000","unstructured":"Partovian C, et al. (2000) Adenovirus-mediated lung vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression protects against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 23:762\u201371.","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2001191_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L288","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00417.2004","volume":"289","author":"E Mata-Greenwood","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mata-Greenwood E, Grobe A, Kumar S, Noskina Y, Black SM. (2005) Cyclic stretch increases VEGF expression in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via TGF-beta1 and reactive oxygen species: a requirement for NAD(P)H oxidase. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 289:L288\u20139.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L222","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00388.2002","volume":"285","author":"E Mata-Greenwood","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mata-Greenwood E, Meyrick B, Soifer SJ, Fineman JR, Black SM. (2003) Expression of VEGF and its receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1\/KDR is altered in lambs with increased pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol 285: L222\u201331.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L548","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00314.2009","volume":"298","author":"AL Firth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Firth AL, Yao W, Remillard CV, Ogawa A, Yuan JX. (2010) Upregulation of Oct-4 isoforms in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 298:L548\u201357.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0351","volume":"25","author":"SJ Greco","year":"2007","unstructured":"Greco SJ, Liu K, Rameshwar P. (2007) Functional similarities among genes regulated by OCT4 in human mesenchymal and embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells. 25:3143\u201354.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2001191_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.176974","volume":"102","author":"T Yoshida","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yoshida T, Kaestner KH, Owens GK. (2008) Conditional deletion of Kruppel-like factor 4 delays downregulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation markers but accelerates neointimal formation following vascular injury. Circ. Res. 102:1548\u201357.","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2001191_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/344876a0","volume":"344","author":"G Freyd","year":"1990","unstructured":"Freyd G, Kim SK, Horvitz HR. (1990) Novel cysteine-rich motif and homeodomain in the product of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell lineage gene lin-11. Nature. 344:876\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2001191_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.761916","volume":"118","author":"G Kwapiszewska","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kwapiszewska G, et al. (2008) Fhl-1, a new key protein in pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 118:1183\u201394.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2001191_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.609008","volume":"113","author":"S Bonnet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bonnet S, et al. (2006) An abnormal mitochondrial-hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha-Kv channel pathway disrupts oxygen sensing and triggers pulmonary arterial hypertension in fawn hooded rats: similarities to human pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation. 113:2630\u201341.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2001191_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200404-029MS","volume":"2","author":"GL Semenza","year":"2005","unstructured":"Semenza GL. (2005) Pulmonary vascular responses to chronic hypoxia mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2:68\u201370.","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc"},{"key":"2001191_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2021","volume":"15","author":"X Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li X, et al. (2009) Notch3 signaling promotes the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nature Med. 15:1289\u201397.","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"2001191_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000044944.99984.25","volume":"91","author":"AH Campos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Campos AH, Wang W, Pollman MJ, Gibbons GH. (2002) Determinants of Notch-3 receptor expression and signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells: implications in cell-cycle regulation. Circ. Res. 91:999\u20131006.","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2001191_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1188","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00198.2005","volume":"289","author":"D Morrow","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morrow D, et al. (2005) Notch-mediated CBF-1\/RBP-Jkappa-dependent regulation of human vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 289:C1188\u201396.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21723","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202224200","volume":"277","author":"W Wang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang W, Prince CZ, Mou Y, Pollman MJ. (2002) Notch3 signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells induces c-FLIP expression via ERK\/MAPK activation. Resistance to Fas ligand-induced apoptosis. J Biol. Chem. 277:21723\u20139.","journal-title":"J Biol. Chem"},{"key":"2001191_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1055642","volume":"291","author":"T Berset","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berset T, Hoier EF, Battu G, Canevascini S, Hajnal A. (2001) Notch inhibition of RAS signaling through MAP kinase phosphatase LIP-1 during C. elegans vulval development. Science 291:1055\u20138.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2001191_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1463","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00866.2009","volume":"299","author":"JW Lowery","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lowery JW, et al. (2010) ID family protein expression and regulation in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 299:R1463\u201377.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2001191_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1673","volume":"5","author":"J Perk","year":"2005","unstructured":"Perk J, Iavarone A, Benezra R. (2005) Id family of helix-loop-helix proteins in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 5:603\u201314.","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"2001191_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.209940","volume":"107","author":"J Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang J, et al. (2010) Smad-dependent and smad-independent induction of id1 by prostacyclin analogues inhibits proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Circ. Res. 107:252\u201362.","journal-title":"Circ. Res."}],"container-title":["Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.2119\/molmed.2013.00165.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.2119\/molmed.2013.00165\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.crossref.org\/molmed.2013.00165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.2119\/molmed.2013.00165.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T22:21:57Z","timestamp":1689373317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/molmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.2119\/molmed.2013.00165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2001191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2119\/molmed.2013.00165","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-1551","1528-3658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-1551","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-3658","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}}}