{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T01:03:20Z","timestamp":1708563800763},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":52,"publisher":"Research Square Platform LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>Background\n Extracting research of domain criteria (RDoC) from high-risk populations like those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is crucial for positive mental health improvements and policy enhancements. The intricacies of collecting, integrating, and effectively leveraging clinical notes for this purpose introduce complexities.\nMethods\n In our study, we created an NLP workflow to analyze electronic medical record (EMR) data, and identify and extract research of domain criteria using a pre-trained transformer-based natural language model, all-mpnet-base-v2. We subsequently built dictionaries from 100,000 clinical notes and analyzed 5.67 million clinical notes from 38,807 PTSD patients from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Subsequently, we showcased the significance of our approach by extracting and visualizing RDoC information in two use cases: (i) across multiple patient populations and (ii) throughout various disease trajectories.\nResults\n The sentence transformer model demonstrated superior F1 macro scores across all RDoC domains, achieving the highest performance with a cosine similarity threshold value of 0.3. This ensured an F1 score of at least 80% across all RDoC domains. The study revealed consistent reductions in all six RDoC domains among PTSD patients after psychotherapy. Women had the highest abnormalities of sensorimotor systems, while veterans had the highest abnormalities of negative and positive valence systems. The domains following first diagnoses of PTSD were associated with heightened cue reactivity to trauma, suicide, alcohol, and substance consumption.\nConclusions\n The findings provide initial insights into RDoC functioning in different populations and disease trajectories. Natural language processing proves valuable for capturing real-time, context dependent RDoC instances from extensive clinical notes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3973337\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T18:02:35Z","timestamp":1708538555000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing post-traumatic stress disorder patient assessment: Leveraging Natural Language Processing for Research of Domain Criteria Identification using electronic medical records"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"given":"Oshin","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Kiehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiguang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neal David","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Levent","family":"Kirisci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Daniel","family":"Brannock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanshan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LiRong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"8761","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027649","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans and military personnel: epidemiology, screening, and case recognition","volume":"9","author":"Gates MA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gates MA, Vasterling HD, Keane JJ, Marx TM, Rosen BP (2012) Posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans and military personnel: epidemiology, screening, and case recognition. Psychol Serv 9:361\u2013382","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","author":"Mann SK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mann SK (2023) M.R., Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. StatPearls [Internet]"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"9","article-title":"Dissociative symptoms mediate the relation between PTSD symptoms and functional impairment in a sample of military members, veterans, and first responders with PTSD","author":"Boyd JE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boyd JE, O'Connor PA (2018) C, Dissociative symptoms mediate the relation between PTSD symptoms and functional impairment in a sample of military members, veterans, and first responders with PTSD. Eur J Psychotraumatol, 9","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212573","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.212573","article-title":"Comorbidity in social anxiety disorder: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges","volume":"8","author":"Koyuncu A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koyuncu A, Ertekin \u0130E, T\u00fckel E (2019) Comorbidity in social anxiety disorder: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Drugs Context 8:212573","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.05.028","article-title":"Emerging interventions for PTSD: future directions for clinical care and research","volume":"62","author":"Bomyea J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bomyea J (2012) Emerging interventions for PTSD: future directions for clinical care and research. Neuropharmacology 62:607\u2013616","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000482","article-title":"Transdiagnostic approaches to mental health problems: Current status and future directions","volume":"88","author":"Dalgleish T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dalgleish T, Johnston BM, Bevan D (2020) Transdiagnostic approaches to mental health problems: Current status and future directions. J Consult Clin Psychol 88:179\u2013195","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/09637214211051363","article-title":"Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Progress and Potential","volume":"31","author":"BN","year":"2022","unstructured":"BN (2022) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Progress and Potential. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 31(2):107\u2013114","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: a theoretical model of the hyperarousal subtype","volume":"5","author":"CS","year":"2014","unstructured":"CS (2014) W., Posttraumatic stress disorder: a theoretical model of the hyperarousal subtype. Front Psychiatry, 5","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorders: Advances in Assessment and Treatment","author":"McCauley JL","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCauley JL, Gros KT, Brady DF, Back KT (2012) SE., Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorders: Advances in Assessment and Treatment. Clin Psychol (New York, p 19"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"15","article-title":"Bridging a translational gap: using machine learning to improve the prediction of PTSD","author":"Karstoft K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karstoft K, Galatzer-Levy IR, Statnikov A et al (2015) Bridging a translational gap: using machine learning to improve the prediction of PTSD. BMC Psychiatry 15","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref11","author":"Heslin KC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heslin KC, Steiner EA, CA. Hospitalizations Involving Mental and Substance Use Disorders Among Adults (2012), : Statistical Brief #191. 2015 Jun. In: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2006 Feb-. Table 4, ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes defining substance use disorders. 2006; Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK310986\/table\/sb191.t4\/.]"},{"key":"ref12","author":"Staff PR","unstructured":"Staff PR a.P.S.u.d.a.I.-.-C.c.A.f.h.w.a.o.p.u.-s.-d"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"10","article-title":"Social determinants of health derived from people with opioid use disorder: Improving data collection, integration and use with cross-domain collaboration and reproducible, data-centric, notebook-style workflows","author":"Markatou M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Markatou M, Brachmann KO, Mukhopadhyay M, Dharia R, Talal A (2023) AH., Social determinants of health derived from people with opioid use disorder: Improving data collection, integration and use with cross-domain collaboration and reproducible, data-centric, notebook-style workflows. Front Med, 10","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"214","article-title":"Diminished positive affect and traumatic","volume":"9","author":"GA","year":"2018","unstructured":"GA (2018) Diminished positive affect and traumatic. Neurobiol Stress 9:214\u2013230","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858409333072","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: the role of medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala","volume":"15","author":"Koenigs M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koenigs M (2009) Posttraumatic stress disorder: the role of medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Neuroscientist 15:540\u2013548","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.180","article-title":"Stress and Fear Extinction","volume":"42","author":"Maren S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maren S (2016) Stress and Fear Extinction. Neuropsychopharmacology 42:58\u201379","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3151","key":"ref17","article-title":"The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism affects negative memory bias in civilian women with PTSD","volume":"10","author":"Hori H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hori H, Yoshida IM (2020) F, The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism affects negative memory bias in civilian women with PTSD. Sci Rep, 10(3151)","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"5","article-title":"The Reward System and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Does Trauma Affect the Way We Interact With Positive Stimuli?","author":"Seidemann R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seidemann R, Jia DO, Levy R, Harpaz-Rotem I (2021) I., The Reward System and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Does Trauma Affect the Way We Interact With Positive Stimuli?. Chronic Stress 5","journal-title":"Chronic Stress"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"893","article-title":"Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Blum K","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blum K, Braverman CA (2008) Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 4:893\u2013918","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"3","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)","author":"Williams T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Williams T, Stein PN, Ipser DJ (2022) JC., Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"6","article-title":"Emotion and cognition interactions in PTSD: a review of neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies","author":"Hayes JP","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hayes JP, Shin VM (2012) LM., Emotion and cognition interactions in PTSD: a review of neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies. Front Integr Neurosci, 6","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857087","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.857087","article-title":"A narrative review of the epigenetics of post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder treatment","volume":"13","author":"Cao-Lei L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao-Lei L, Fortin SD, Brunet J (2022) A narrative review of the epigenetics of post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder treatment. Front Psychiatry 13:857087","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"10","article-title":"Epigenetic Modifications in Stress Response Genes Associated With Childhood Trauma","author":"Jiang S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang S, Cattaneo PL, Binder A, Aitchison EB (2019) KJ., Epigenetic Modifications in Stress Response Genes Associated With Childhood Trauma. Front Psychiatry, 10","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001292","article-title":"Hyperarousal symptoms linger after successful PTSD treatment in active duty military","volume":"15","author":"Miles SR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miles SR, Mintz HW (2023) Hyperarousal symptoms linger after successful PTSD treatment in active duty military. Psychol Trauma 15:1398\u20131405","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"17","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder hyperarousal event detection using smartwatch physiological and activity data","author":"Sadeghi M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadeghi M, Sasangohar MA (2022) F., Posttraumatic stress disorder hyperarousal event detection using smartwatch physiological and activity data. PLoS ONE, 17","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2012.704020","article-title":"Targeting memory processes with drugs to prevent or cure PTSD","volume":"21","author":"Cain CK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cain CK, Kehne MG (2012) Targeting memory processes with drugs to prevent or cure PTSD. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 21:1323\u20131350","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"11","article-title":"Use of Prazosin for Pediatric Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder With Nightmares and\/or Sleep Disorder: Case Series of 18 Patients Prospectively Assessed","author":"Ferrafiat V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferrafiat V, Chaumette SM (2020) B, Use of Prazosin for Pediatric Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder With Nightmares and\/or Sleep Disorder: Case Series of 18 Patients Prospectively Assessed. Front Psychiatry, 11","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085650","article-title":"Social bonds and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"59","author":"Charuvastra A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Charuvastra A (2008) Social bonds and posttraumatic stress disorder. Annu Rev Psychol 59:301\u2013328","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22411","article-title":"Association Between Shame and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"32","author":"L\u00f3pez-Castro T","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Castro T, Zumberg-Smith ST, Dambreville K (2019) Association Between Shame and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. J Trauma Stress 32:484\u2013495","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722001866","article-title":"The relationship of trauma-related guilt with PTSD symptoms in adult trauma survivors: a meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Kip A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kip A, Holling DJ, Morina H (2022) The relationship of trauma-related guilt with PTSD symptoms in adult trauma survivors: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med 52:2201\u20132211","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.08.001","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder with secondary psychotic features (PTSD-SP): Diagnostic and treatment challenges","volume":"88","author":"Compean E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Compean E (2019) Posttraumatic stress disorder with secondary psychotic features (PTSD-SP): Diagnostic and treatment challenges. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 88:265\u2013275","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa138","article-title":"Sensorimotor and Activity Psychosis-Risk (SMAP-R) Scale: An Exploration of Scale Structure With Replication and Validation","volume":"47","author":"Damme KSF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Damme KSF, Ellman SJ, Mittal LM (2021) Sensorimotor and Activity Psychosis-Risk (SMAP-R) Scale: An Exploration of Scale Structure With Replication and Validation. Schizophr Bull 47:332\u2013343","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"23","article-title":"Neurophysiological explorations across the spectrum of psychosis, autism, and depression, during wakefulness and sleep: protocol of a prospective case-control transdiagnostic multimodal study (DEMETER)","author":"Lucarini V","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lucarini V, Yeh AA (2023) D, Neurophysiological explorations across the spectrum of psychosis, autism, and depression, during wakefulness and sleep: protocol of a prospective case-control transdiagnostic multimodal study (DEMETER). BMC Psychiatry, 23","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"12","article-title":"Meta-analytical transdiagnostic neural correlates in common pediatric psychiatric disorders","author":"Dugr\u00e9 JR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dugr\u00e9 JR, Potvin ES (2022) S., Meta-analytical transdiagnostic neural correlates in common pediatric psychiatric disorders. Sci Rep, 12","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-based human-centric decision support framework: an application to predictive maintenance in asset management under pandemic environments","author":"Chen J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen J, Tan LC, Govindan KH, Kumar K (2021) A., Artificial intelligence-based human-centric decision support framework: an application to predictive maintenance in asset management under pandemic environments. Ann Oper Res","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaclp.2021.01.002","article-title":"Mapping of Transdiagnostic Neuropsychiatric Phenotypes Across Patients in Two General Hospitals","volume":"62","author":"Hart KL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hart KL, McCoy PR (2021) Mapping of Transdiagnostic Neuropsychiatric Phenotypes Across Patients in Two General Hospitals. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 62:430\u2013439","journal-title":"J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00948-9","article-title":"A data-driven framework for mapping domains of human neurobiology","volume":"24","author":"Beam E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beam E, Poldrack PC, Etkin RA (2021) A data-driven framework for mapping domains of human neurobiology. Nat Neurosci 24:1733\u20131744","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref38","author":"Sentence-Transformers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sentence-Transformers (2022) Sentence-Transformers\/All-Mpnet-Base-v2 Hugging Face. Sentence-Transformers"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"20","article-title":"Predicting death by suicide following an emergency department visit for parasuicide with administrative health care system data and machine learning","author":"Sanderson M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanderson M, Wang BAG, Williams J, Williamson KG, Patten T (2020) S.B., Predicting death by suicide following an emergency department visit for parasuicide with administrative health care system data and machine learning. EClinicalMedicine, 20","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12679","article-title":"Prepulse inhibition deficits in women with PTSD","volume":"53","author":"Pineles SL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pineles SL, Curreri BT (2016) Prepulse inhibition deficits in women with PTSD. Psychophysiology 53:1377\u20131385","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.04.009","article-title":"An Examination of the RDoC Negative Valence Systems Domain Constructs and the Self-Reports Unit of Analysis","volume":"53","author":"Hasratian AM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hasratian AM, Chmielewski MA, Ritz M (2022) An Examination of the RDoC Negative Valence Systems Domain Constructs and the Self-Reports Unit of Analysis. Behav Ther 53:1092\u20131108","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"1","article-title":"An evaluation of semantically grouped word cloud designs","author":"Hearst M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hearst M, Patil PE (2019) LP, An evaluation of semantically grouped word cloud designs. ation semantically grouped word cloud designs, 1","journal-title":"ation semantically grouped word cloud designs"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"30","article-title":"Trauma-focused exposure therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in alcohol and drug dependent patients: A randomized controlled trial","author":"Coffey SF","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coffey SF, Nosen SJ, Henslee E, Lappen AM, Stasiewicz A (2016) P., Trauma-focused exposure therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in alcohol and drug dependent patients: A randomized controlled trial. Psychol Addict Behav, 30","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000257","article-title":"Using the research domain criteria framework to track domains of change in comorbid PTSD and SUD","volume":"9","author":"Zambrano-Vazquez L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zambrano-Vazquez L, Belleau LH (2017) Using the research domain criteria framework to track domains of change in comorbid PTSD and SUD. Psychol Trauma 9:679\u2013687","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Revisiting the seven pillars of RDoC","author":"Morris SE","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morris SE, Sanislow CA, Pacheco J et al (2022) Revisiting the seven pillars of RDoC. BMC Med","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22133","article-title":"Understanding heterogeneity in PTSD: fear, dysphoria, and distress","volume":"31","author":"Zoellner LA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zoellner LA, Farach PL, Jun FJ (2014) Understanding heterogeneity in PTSD: fear, dysphoria, and distress. Depress Anxiety 31:97\u2013106","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Treating PTSD: A Review of Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Interventions","author":"Watkins LE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Watkins LE, Rothbaum SK (2018) BO., Treating PTSD: A Review of Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Interventions. Front Behav Neurosci, p 12"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.55.2.150","article-title":"Cognitive changes after alcohol cue exposure","volume":"55","author":"Cooney NL","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cooney NL, Baker GR, Kaplan LH (1987) Cognitive changes after alcohol cue exposure. J Consult Clin Psychol 55:150\u2013155","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.05.009","article-title":"Structural connectivity and risk for anhedonia after trauma: A prospective study and replication","author":"Fani N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fani N, van Rooij MV (2019) SJH, Structural connectivity and risk for anhedonia after trauma: A prospective study and replication. J Psychiatr Res, 34\u201341","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"13","article-title":"Neurobiological Alterations in Females With PTSD: A Systematic Review","author":"Eder-Moreau E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eder-Moreau E, Fisch ZX, Bergman CT, Neria M, Helpman Y (2022) L., Neurobiological Alterations in Females With PTSD: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry, 13","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"Social Cognition through the Lens of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience","author":"Arioli M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arioli M, Canessa CC (2018) N., Social Cognition through the Lens of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience. Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"5","article-title":"Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory","author":"Pace-Schott EF","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pace-Schott EF, Milad GA (2015) MR., Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory. Biol Mood Anxiety Disord, 5","journal-title":"Biol Mood Anxiety Disord"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-3973337\/v1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-3973337\/v1.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T18:03:54Z","timestamp":1708538634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-3973337\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"references-count":52,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3973337\/v1","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}