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This study investigated the diagnostic, familial, and genetic associations of EDs with ADHD and ASD. The nationwide population-based cohort study included all individuals born in Denmark, 1981\u20132008, linked to their siblings and cousins. Cox regression was used to estimate associations between EDs and ADHD or ASD, and mediation analysis was used to assess the effects of intermediate mood or anxiety disorders. Polygenic scores (PGSs) were used to investigate the genetic association between anorexia nervosa (AN) and ADHD or ASD. Significantly increased risk for any ED was observed following an ADHD [hazard ratio\u2009=\u20091.97, 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20091.75\u20132.22] or ASD diagnosis [2.82, 2.48\u20133.19]. Mediation analysis suggested that intermediate mood or anxiety disorders could account for 44\u2013100% of the association between ADHD or ASD and ED. Individuals with a full sibling or maternal halfsibling with ASD had increased risk of AN [1.54, 1.33\u20131.78; 1.45, 1.08\u20131.94] compared to those with siblings without ASD. A positive association was found between ASD-PGS and AN risk [1.06, 1.02\u20131.09]. In this study, positive phenotypic associations between EDs and ADHD or ASD, mediation by mood or anxiety disorder, and a genetic association between ASD-PGS and AN were observed. These findings could guide future research in the development of new treatments that can mitigate the development of EDs among individuals with ADHD or ASD.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4236554\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T20:00:13Z","timestamp":1721246413000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of co-occurring conditions and genetics in the associations of eating disorders with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0479-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liselotte","family":"Petersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gitte","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Chatwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeynap","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Schendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7772-3264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Bulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2284-5744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Grove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabell","family":"Brikell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1250-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgitte","family":"Semark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrine","family":"Holde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdulkadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Hubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aahus University, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Albi\u00f1ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2277-9249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bjarni","family":"Vilhj\u00e1lmsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8627-7219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Borglum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9124-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ditte","family":"Demontis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5230-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preben","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janne","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000641","article-title":"Review of the burden of eating disorders: mortality, disability, costs, quality of life, and family burden","volume":"33","author":"Hoeken D","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Hoeken D, Hoek HW. 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