{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T06:46:26Z","timestamp":1747205186437,"version":"3.40.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n        <p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread to all countries in the world after more than half a year since it was first reported in late 2019, and different countries have been impacted differently. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate COVID-19 deaths and cases relative to nine other demographic and socioeconomic factors in all countries and regions of the world using data as of August 1, 2020. The factors analyzed in the study include a country\u2019s total COVID-19 deaths and cases per million population, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), population density, virus tests per million population, median age, government response stringency index, hospital beds availability per thousand population, extreme poverty rate, Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination rate, and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) immunization rate. The study reveals that COVID-19 deaths per million population in a country most significantly correlates, inversely, with the country\u2019s BCG vaccination rate, and also significantly correlates a country\u2019s per capita GDP and median age, while COVID-19 cases per million population significantly correlate with per capita GDP and tests per thousand population.  This study contributes to a growing body of evidence supporting the notion that BCG vaccination may be protective against COVID-19 mortality.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-42927\/v2","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T22:10:26Z","timestamp":1601331026000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Worldwide inverse correlation between Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin immunization and COVID-19 mortality"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9041-7341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willis X.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-42927\/v2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-42927\/v2.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T17:44:56Z","timestamp":1616003096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-42927\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-42927\/v2","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}