{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:39:21Z","timestamp":1772757561098,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610496000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n        <p><bold>Background:<\/bold> Several studies detected high levels of antibiotic-resistance in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) and pointed this species as prime reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and carriers of potentially pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to characterize, for the \ufb01rst time, the Gram-negative aerobic microbiota of the Cape Verdean loggerhead subpopulation. Cloacal, oral and egg content swab samples from 33 nesting loggerheads (n = 99) of the Island of Maio were analysed regarding the presence of Gram-negative bacteria and their antibiotic resistance and virulence pro\ufb01les. <bold>Results:<\/bold> Shewanella putrefaciens (27.78%), Morganella morganii (22.22%) and Vibrio alginolyticus (22.22%) were the most prevalent species isolated from the animals under study. A low incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (26%) was detected, and no multidrug-resistant isolates were identi\ufb01ed. Non-Enterobacteriaceae isolates presented the most complex virulence pro\ufb01les, revealing the ability to produce hemolysins (100%), DNases (89%), lipases (79%), proteases (53%), lecithinases (21%), gelatinases (16%), and also bio\ufb01lms (74%). Moreover, higher virulence indices were obtained for turtles with high parasite intensities compared with apparently healthy animals, and a positive correlation between antibiotic resistance and virulence was observed. <bold>Conclusions:<\/bold> Results suggest that this loggerhead population may be less exposed to antimicrobial compounds, probably due to the low anthropogenic impact observed in both their nesting (the Island of Maio) and foraging sites. Nevertheless, the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria expressing virulence factors may threat both sea turtles\u2019 and humans\u2019 health.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-143022\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T23:58:29Z","timestamp":1610668709000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Profiles of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta Caretta) of the Island of Maio, Cape Verde"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6103-8692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilde Costa","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lisbon: Universidade de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"Miguel L.","family":"Grilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Patino-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FMB-Maio Biodiversity Foundation"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa"}]}],"member":"297","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-143022\/v1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-143022\/v1.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T16:34:32Z","timestamp":1720974872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-143022\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-143022\/v1","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3390\/antibiotics10070771","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}