{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T06:33:07Z","timestamp":1747204387689,"version":"3.40.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title><p>Temperature touches all aspects of our daily life, including climate, production plants, food storage, transportation, metrology, microelectronics, and medicine, and is a major factor dictating performance of nanotechnologies.<sup>1-4<\/sup>However, while the heat transfer is well understood in bulk, neither experimental nor theoretical models provide a complete picture of the thermal dynamics at the nanoscale.<sup>5-7<\/sup>Here, in situ luminescence thermometry is used to probe the heat propagation taking place within lanthanide (Ln<sup>3+<\/sup>)-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). We have designed UCNPs with Er<sup>3+<\/sup>and Tm<sup>3+<\/sup>thermometric layers positioned at different locations relative to their surface, varying the distance a heat wave travels before encountering the layers. Despite being separated only by a few tens of nanometers, the thermometric layer closer to the surface of UCNPs detects temperature increase much earlier than the one located at the center \u2013 yielding the heat propagation speed in UCNPs ~1.3 nm\/s. The UCNPs featuring the two thermometric layers in a single nanostructure confirmed the above result and allowed us to uncover diffusive and non-diffusive (ballistic) heat transport regimes, as well as their interplay and complex heat exchange dynamics taking place in colloidal nanoparticles (nanofluids) at a room temperature.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2213198\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T18:39:27Z","timestamp":1668451167000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Untangling heat transport dynamics using luminescence nanothermometry"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9636-2628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Brites","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Aveiro"}]},{"given":"Artiom","family":"Skripka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8741-0894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Benayas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM) & IRYCIS"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2516-9665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengistie","family":"Debasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico"}]},{"given":"Fiorenzo","family":"Vetrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4747-6535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa2433","article-title":"Nanoscale temperature mapping in operating microelectronic devices","volume":"347","author":"Mecklenburg M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mecklenburg, M. et al. 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