{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]],"date-time":"2024-03-03T13:20:56Z","timestamp":1709472056412},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":37,"publisher":"Research Square Platform LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>Inflammation may play a significant role in Keratoconus (KC), but the relationship between inflammatory markers and choroidal thickness (CT) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum inflammatory markers and correlate them with the choroidal profile of KC patients and control subjects. Forty patients with KC and 26 age-matched control subjects were enrolled in a cross-sectional case-control study. Choroidal profile was studied with a Spectralis Heidelberg apparatus and venous blood samples were collected. Neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte\/HDL ratio (MHR), platelet\/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were calculated. Serum inflammatory biomarkers IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alfa were also analyzed. KC group presented thicker choroids in each evaluated point when compared to the control group (subfoveal CT 417.38\u2009\u00b1\u200979.79 vs 299.61\u2009\u00b1\u200976.13, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for all measured locations). Mean values of NLR, PLR and SII were significantly higher in patients with KC (NLR p\u2009=\u20090.001; PLR p\u2009=\u20090.042; SII p\u2009=\u20090.007). Although KC patients presented higher mean levels of MHR, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 than control group, no significant differences were achieved. Positive correlations were found between subfoveal CT and NLR and SII (0.408, p\u2009=\u20090.001 and 0.288, p\u2009=\u20090.019 respectively). The results presented are in favor of a relationship between the increased CT and inflammatory mechanisms in KC patients. The elevated serum inflammatory indices NLR, SII and PLR provide additional evidence of a role for systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology of KC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2553727\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T22:25:05Z","timestamp":1676067905000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum inflammatory biomarkers are associated with increased choroidal thickness in Keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pinheiro-Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Lima-Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Lu\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S - Health Research and Innovation Institute"}]},{"given":"Dulce","family":"Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Falc\u00e3o-Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o"}]}],"member":"8761","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00119-7","volume":"42","author":"Rabinowitz YS","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rabinowitz, Y.S. 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Systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio levels are associated with keratoconus. Indian J Ophthalmol 69, 1725\u20131729 (2021).","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12975","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13525-7","article-title":"Higher Expression of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in Blood Cells of Keratoconus Patiens","volume":"7","author":"Sobrino T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sobrino, T., et al. Higher Expression of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in Blood Cells of Keratoconus Patiens. Sci Rep 7, 12975 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2019.1604002","article-title":"Serum Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Keratoconus","volume":"28","author":"Akkaya S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akkaya, S. & Ulusoy, D.M. Serum Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Keratoconus. 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