{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:06:59Z","timestamp":1770833219649,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n                <p>\n                  Investigating primates\u2019 behavioral variation at the inter-population level is important for the understanding of the evolutionary processes leading to species-specific patterns. The study of behavioral diversity among populations also contributes to improving\u2019 primate conservation efforts. Dispersal patterns tend to be similar among close phylogenetic lineages but may vary in response to individual-based responses. Here, we investigate dispersal patterns of chacma baboons (\n                  <italic>Papio ursinus griseipes<\/italic>\n                  ) living in Gorongosa National Park (GNP) and the Catapu Forest Reserve (CFR) in central Mozambique. The park consists of a mosaic landscape, located in a seasonally variable area. GNP was the epicenter of a major war, which severely reduced most apex predators resulting in limited mammalian predation on baboons and a steep increase in number of groups and\/or group\u2019s fission. We used a genetic dataset of 121 non-invasive DNA samples analyzed for uni- and bi-parentally inherited markers aiming to characterize the spatial distribution of genetic variation and investigate the extent and direction of sex-mediated gene flow at different time scales. We found high levels of genetic diversity as estimated using autosomal microsatellite loci data and no evidence for a significant contraction of the population size in the last generations. A very distinct mitochondrial DNA haplotype was sampled in CFR. We found evidence for historical and instantaneous male-biased dispersal and female philopatry, estimated among localities and at short distances in GNP, respectively. Our study highlights the strong conservation of sex-biased dispersal patterns and philopatry in chacma baboons and suggests that dispersal behaviors in chacma baboons are resilient to environmental changes and seasonality.\n                <\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4616083\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T23:34:42Z","timestamp":1719185682000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex-mediated gene flow of grayfoot chacma baboons (Papio ursinus griseipes) in a highly seasonal habitat in Gorongosa National Park"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6747-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J Ferreira da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal 2 BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal 3 ONE Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, The Museum Ave, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom."}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Tralma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Arqueolog\u00eda, Universidad Austral de Chile"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Colmonero-Costeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal 2 BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal 3 ONE Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, The Museum Ave, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom. 5 CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal 2 BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rassina","family":"Farassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Fundaci\u00f3 UdG: Innovaci\u00f3 i Formaci\u00f3, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Pic de Peguera 11, 17003 Girona, Spain 7 Gorongosa Restoration Project, Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique"}]},{"given":"Philippa","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Lewis-Bevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8 Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 9 Department of Biology, University of Oxford, UK"}]},{"given":"Marion K.","family":"Bamford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10 Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Biro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14627, USA"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"L\u00fcdecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12 Emmy Noether Group for Hominin Meat Consumption, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany 8 Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}]},{"given":"Jacinto","family":"Mathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8 Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Bobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13 Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique. 14 Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behaviour, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; 8 Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Capelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15 Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13 Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique. 14 Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behaviour, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal 8 Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}]},{"given":"Felipe I.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"16 Escuela de Antropolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile"}]}],"member":"297","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-4616083\/v1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-4616083\/v1.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T17:03:36Z","timestamp":1770829416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-4616083\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4616083\/v1","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s10764-025-00494-2","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}