{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T06:52:46Z","timestamp":1747205566730,"version":"3.40.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n        <p><italic>Background<\/italic>: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at greater cardiovascular risk than those with T2D without MetS. In the current report we aim to study the characteristics, cardio-renal outcomes and the effect of empagliflozin in patients with MetS enrolled in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. <italic>Methods<\/italic>: A total of 7020 patients with T2D and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were treated with empagliflozin (10mg or 25mg) or placebo for a median of 3.1 years. The World Health Organization MetS criteria could be determined for 6985 (99.5%) patients. We assessed the association between baseline MetS and multiple cardio-renal endpoints using Cox regression models, and we studied the change in the individual component over time of the MetS using mixed effect models. <italic>Results<\/italic>: MetS at baseline was present in 5740 (82%) patients; these were more often white and had more often albuminuria and heart failure, had lower eGFR and HDL-cholesterol, and higher blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, and triglycerides. In the placebo group, patients with MetS had a higher risk of all outcomes including cardiovascular death: HR=1.73 (95%CI=1.01-2.98), heart failure hospitalization: HR=2.64 (95%CI=1.22, 5.72), and new or worsening nephropathy: HR=3.11 (95%CI=2.17-4.46). The beneficial effect of empagliflozin was consistent on all cardio-renal outcomes regardless of presence of MetS.<italic>Conclusions<\/italic>: A large proportion of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME population fulfills the criteria for MetS. Those with MetS had increased risk of adverse cardio-renal outcomes. Compared with placebo, empagliflozin improved cardio-renal outcomes in patients with and without MetS.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-64853\/v2","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T05:32:50Z","timestamp":1605850370000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolic Syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A post hoc analyses of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2304-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine"}]},{"given":"Subodh","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Michael's Hospital, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Fitchett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto"}]},{"given":"Anne Pernille","family":"Ofstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Norway Ks"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Lauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Zwiener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co KG"}]},{"given":"Jyothis","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Wanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W\u00fcrzburg University Clinic"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Zinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Inzucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine"}]}],"member":"297","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-64853\/v2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-64853\/v2.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T23:17:56Z","timestamp":1659050276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-64853\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-64853\/v2","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01174-6","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}