{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T15:10:09Z","timestamp":1749049809244,"version":"3.41.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n        <p>This study presents the first application-ready demonstration of radio-frequency (RF) switches based on memristors fabricated through a combination of electrochemical exfoliation and liquid-liquid interfacial assembly (EC-LL). This 2D layer fabrication method yields uniform, low-defect bilayer MoS\u2082 nanosheet networks without relying on high-temperature processes or hazardous gases typical of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), offering a low-cost and environmentally friendly route towards CMOS-compatible integration. Remarkably, the resulting devices exhibit robust unipolar resistive switching which simplifies biasing requirements and reduces power consumption. Reproducibility with retention of 104 sec, and endurance of 100 cycles is reported. RF measurements confirm reliable operation at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies across 10\u2013110 GHz, demonstrating low insertion loss (0.42\u20130.9 dB), isolation &gt;18 dB, and an intrinsic cut-off frequency of ~5.4 THz. \nIntegration into Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Unit Cells (RIS-UCs) further showcases the technology\u2019s utility in next-generation mmWave communication systems, including 5G\/6G and satellite applications. Simulations of a 24\u00d724-element RIS panel confirm high gain (&gt;21.6 dBi) and efficient beam steering (-60\u00ba, 60\u00ba degrees) over the 26.8\u201329.1 GHz band, while the ultra-low switching energy (~330 pJ per unit cell) enables zero static power consumption\u2014critical for scalable and sustainable 6G infrastructure.\nThis work establishes a new benchmark by delivering the first solution-processed, application-suitable 2D material in solid-state RF switches combining non-volatility, high-frequency operation, and CMOS integration potential. It marks a significant step toward reconfigurable, energy-efficient wireless communication platforms.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6726705\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T05:44:36Z","timestamp":1748238276000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unipolar and non-volatile RF switches using MoS2 by liquid-liquid interface assembly for millimeter wave applications"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Mingates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ghatas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science and FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2764-3124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Deuermeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Neilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9659-9721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisbon and Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University Institute of Lisbon (Iscte-IUL)"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Lucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1391-4448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zden\u011bk","family":"Sofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chemistry and Technology Prague"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science and FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4202-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira","family":"Fortunato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT\/i3N, Departamento de Ci\u00eancia dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia\u2013Universidade NOVA de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"Asal","family":"Kiazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N\/CENIMAT"}]}],"member":"297","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-6726705\/v1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-6726705\/v1.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T14:46:53Z","timestamp":1749048413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-6726705\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6726705\/v1","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}