{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:16:56Z","timestamp":1761895016009,"version":"build-2065373602"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n                <p>In atoms undergoing ionisation, the abrupt change in electron configuration can lead to the ejection\nof a second bound electron, in a process called shake-off. The spectroscopic signatures of shake-off\nhave been predicted and observed in atoms and solids. Here, we present the first observation of this\nprocess in a solid-density plasma heated by an x-ray free electron laser. We show that the shake-off\nprobability of L-shell electrons persists at temperatures up to 10 eV at solid density, and follows\nthat predicted for cold solids. This work shows that shake-off should be included in plasma models\nfor the correct interpretation of emission spectra.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7133804\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T05:41:06Z","timestamp":1761889266000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shake-off in XFEL heated solid density plasma"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"given":"Gareth O.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GoLP\/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Ansia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GoLP\/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Estrela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mukhtar","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GoLP\/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2133-2365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Fajardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico"}]},{"given":"Mikako","family":"Makita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European XFEL"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1228-2263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European XFEL"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0868-4745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motoaki","family":"Nakatsutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Kaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European XFEL"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Kon\u00f4pkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany"}]},{"given":"Naresh","family":"Kujala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European XFEL"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2902-2102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Appel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European XFEL"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"G\u00f6de","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Cerantola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European XFEL"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Wollenweber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European XFEL"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Brambrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses"}]},{"given":"Jan-Patrick","family":"Schwinkendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European XFEL"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3575-4449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulf","family":"Zastrau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European XFEL"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6930-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaromir","family":"Chalupsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Hajkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3982-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomas","family":"Burian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5426-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vojtech","family":"Vozda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4189-8753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Libor","family":"Juha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1480-511X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Baehtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Kyung","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Fusion Energ"}]},{"given":"Patrik","family":"Vagovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European XFEL"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6686-9134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8615-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Velarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid"}]}],"member":"297","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-7133804\/v1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-7133804\/v1.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T05:41:06Z","timestamp":1761889266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-7133804\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7133804\/v1","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}