{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T11:42:10Z","timestamp":1760355730808,"version":"build-2065373602"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n        <p>This study examines projected changes in the characteristics of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the South Indian Ocean (SIO) under a future warming scenario. Using methodologies like \"pseudo global warming\" and the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), the analysis reveals a scenario of progressively elevated risk. Projections indicate a mean increase of 6.5% in TC intensity, accompanied by a 33.8% increase in median rain rate, which intensifies the risk of floods and landslides. Additionally, a 2\u00b0 poleward shift in the Latitude of Maximum Intensity (LMI) is anticipated, exposing new coastal areas to extreme events. Although models suggest a slight 9.2% reduction in the radius of 17.5 m\/s winds, the concentration of damage within this smaller area can exacerbate its severity. These phenomena, combined with rising sea levels and higher wave heights, considerably heighten the vulnerability of coastal zones. The application of ANNs proves promising for capturing the non-linear complexity of these systems, but challenges persist in the accuracy of long-term forecasts. The integration of robust climatological analyses with the continuous validation of predictive models is therefore essential for strategic adaptation planning and risk mitigation in vulnerable SIO nations.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7547262\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T11:10:16Z","timestamp":1760353816000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in the Simulation of Tropical Cyclones in the South Indian Ocean."],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1418-5109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UFRN: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"de Oliveira-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Alagoas: Universidade Federal de Alagoas"}]},{"given":"Punyawi","family":"Jamjareegulgarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang - Chao Khun Taharn Ladkrabang Campus: King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang"}]},{"given":"Ninu Krishnan Modon","family":"Valappil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia: Malaysia University of Science and Technology"}]},{"given":"Vijith","family":"Hamza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kerela Sytate Disaster Authority"}]},{"given":"Weber Andrade","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFCG: Universidade Federal de Campina Grande"}]},{"given":"Monica Cristina Dami\u00e3o","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Advanced Studies of the Climate"}]},{"given":"Deusdedit Monteiro","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFRN: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Augusto Ferreira","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Advanced Studies of the climate"}]},{"given":"Marl\u00facia de Aquino","family":"Perreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados do Clima"}]},{"given":"Emannuel","family":"Cavalcanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados do Clima"}]},{"given":"Yldslan Soares","family":"Damasceno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados do Clima"}]},{"given":"Wagner Jefferson Rodrigues da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados do Clima"}]},{"given":"Bernardo Bruno Dias","family":"Baracho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados do Clima"}]},{"given":"Thiago Gon\u00e7alves da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INPE: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais"}]},{"given":"Lorena Santos da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados do Clima"}]},{"given":"Douglas Leonardo Sales","family":"Pedrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados do Clima"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-022-00340-0","article-title":"Projecting the Impacts of a Changing Climate: Tropical Cyclones and Flooding","volume":"9","author":"Anderson GB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anderson GB et al (2022) Projecting the Impacts of a Changing Climate: Tropical Cyclones and Flooding. 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