{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T19:36:27Z","timestamp":1776886587770,"version":"3.51.2"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":108,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n                <p>\n                  <bold>Background<\/bold>\n                  Personality psychology has long explored how the search for the sacred relates to characteristic thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, with evidence showing a reciprocal influence between personality and religious or spiritual development.\n This study aims to explore the relationships between spirituality, religion and personality within the five factor model.\n                  <bold>Methods<\/bold>\n                  The sample was comprised of 336 university students from a public university in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, with ages between 19 and 55 years (M = 25.16; SD = 6.08) and of both sexes (Men = 43.1% ; Women = 56.9%). Data were collected through self-report measures assessing religiosity, spirituality, and personality traits, and subsequently examined using correlational and latent class analyses.\n                  <bold>Results<\/bold>\n                  The correlation analysis shows significant associations between the facets of personality, spirituality and religion. The latent class analysis allows us to identify two classes. The first profile assumes a high spirituality, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and less neuroticism, religious crisis and religiosity. The second profile assumes a low spirituality, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and religiosity and greater neuroticism and religious crisis and religiosity.\n                  <bold>Conclusions<\/bold>\n                  The results of the present study not only contribute to basic research in psychology, but also suggest the importance for clinical psychologists to embrace spirituality as it indirectly affects mental health both positively or negatively.\n                <\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8060072\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T19:05:06Z","timestamp":1765911906000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spirituality and Religion within the Five-Factor Model: Latent-Class and Correlation Models"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"given":"Hugo","family":"Simkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Buenos Aires"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Flores"}]},{"given":"Maximiliano","family":"Preuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Abierta Interamericana"}]},{"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Freiberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Buenos Aires"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Travis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University J. F. Kennedy"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Azzollini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Buenos Aires"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2023.104013","article-title":"The associations between religiosity and the Big-Five personality traits in college students from Sudan","volume":"239","author":"Abdel-Khalek AM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdel-Khalek, A. M., Bakhiet, S. F. A., Osman, H. A., & Lester, D. (2023). The associations between religiosity and the Big-Five personality traits in college students from Sudan. Acta Psychologica, 239, 104013.","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1080\/13674676.2019.1699041","article-title":"The association of Big Five personality traits and religiosity on Internet addiction among Israeli-Palestinian Muslim college students in Israel","volume":"22","author":"Agbaria Q","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agbaria, Q., & Bdier, D. (2019). The association of Big Five personality traits and religiosity on Internet addiction among Israeli-Palestinian Muslim college students in Israel. Mental Health Religion & Culture, 22(9), 956\u2013971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13674676.2019.1699041","journal-title":"Mental Health Religion & Culture"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2012.07.005","article-title":"Religious, honest and humble: Looking for the religious person within the HEXACO model of personality structure","volume":"53","author":"Aghababaei N","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aghababaei, N. (2012). Religious, honest and humble: Looking for the religious person within the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(7), 880\u2013883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2012.07.005","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.02.021","article-title":"Between you and God, where is the general factor of personality? Exploring personality-religion relationships in a Muslim context","volume":"55","author":"Aghababaei N","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aghababaei, N. (2013). Between you and God, where is the general factor of personality? Exploring personality-religion relationships in a Muslim context. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(2), 196\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2013.02.021","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/13674676.2018.1504904","article-title":"The relations of gratitude to religiosity, well-being, and personality","volume":"21","author":"Aghababaei N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aghababaei, N., B\u0142achnio, A., & Aminikhoo, M. (2018). The relations of gratitude to religiosity, well-being, and personality. Mental Health Religion & Culture, 21(4), 408\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13674676.2018.1504904","journal-title":"Mental Health Religion & Culture"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/13674670701539114","article-title":"Domain and facet personality correlates of religiosity among Iranian college students","volume":"11","author":"Aguilar-Vafaie ME","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aguilar-Vafaie, M. E., & Moghanloo, M. (2008). Domain and facet personality correlates of religiosity among Iranian college students. Mental Health Religion & Culture, 11(5), 461\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13674670701539114","journal-title":"Mental Health Religion & Culture"},{"key":"ref7","author":"Ali G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ali, G., Hashmi, F., & Rizvi, T. (2017). Personality Influences Socially Responsible Investment (SRI): the Role of Religiosity. 04(01), 20\u201343."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1037\/h0021212","article-title":"Personal religious orientation and prejudice","volume":"5","author":"Allport GW","year":"1967","unstructured":"Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0021212","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998976","DOI":"10.1080\/23311908.2021.1998976","article-title":"Attitude toward cheating among Ghanaian undergraduate students: a parallel mediational analysis of personality, religiosity and mastery","volume":"8","author":"Amponsah B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amponsah, B., Dey, N. E. Y., & Oti-Boadi, M. (2021). Attitude toward cheating among Ghanaian undergraduate students: a parallel mediational analysis of personality, religiosity and mastery. Cogent Psychology, 8(1), 1998976.","journal-title":"Cogent Psychology"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Development of a religious orientation scale based on Islam","author":"Azarbaijani M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Azarbaijani, M. (2003). Development of a religious orientation scale based on Islam. Olive."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2024.104496","article-title":"Personality and conceptions of religiosity across the world\u2019s religions","volume":"110","author":"Baranski E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baranski, E., Gardiner, G., Shaman, N., Shagan, J., Lee, D., & Funder, D. (2024). Personality and conceptions of religiosity across the world\u2019s religions. Journal of Research in Personality, 110, 104496.","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.75.3.729","article-title":"Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: multitrait multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English","volume":"75","author":"Benet-Mart\u00ednez V","year":"1998","unstructured":"Benet-Mart\u00ednez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: multitrait multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(3), 729\u2013750. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9781409","journal-title":"Journal of personality and social psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2059","article-title":"Reflective minds and open hearts: Cognitive style and personality predict religiosity and spiritual thinking in a community sample","volume":"44","author":"Browne M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Browne, M., Pennycook, G., Goodwin, B., & McHenry, M. (2014). Reflective minds and open hearts: Cognitive style and personality predict religiosity and spiritual thinking in a community sample. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44(7), 736\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.2059","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.31337\/oz.76.1.5","article-title":"Values and personality traits as predictors of Catholic religiosity: Relations Among the Croatian Ethnic Minority in Vojvodina (Serbia)","volume":"76","author":"Bufford RK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bufford, R. K., & \u0160ram, Z. (2021). Values and personality traits as predictors of Catholic religiosity: Relations Among the Croatian Ethnic Minority in Vojvodina (Serbia). Obnovljeni \u017divot: \u010dasopis za filozofiju i religijske znanosti, 76(1), 69\u201382.","journal-title":"Obnovljeni \u017divot: \u010dasopis za filozofiju i religijske znanosti"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3382","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-023-01779-7","article-title":"Personality, religiosity and satisfaction with life in young Muslim and Christian women in Pakistan","volume":"62","author":"Butt DS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Butt, D. S., Majeed, A., Khawar, R., Asad, S., & Hussain, S. (2023). Personality, religiosity and satisfaction with life in young Muslim and Christian women in Pakistan. Journal of religion and health, 62(5), 3382\u20133398.","journal-title":"Journal of religion and health"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022100031004002","article-title":"Multivariate Methods for the Comparison of Factor Structures in Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"31","author":"Caprara GV","year":"2000","unstructured":"Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Berm\u00fadez, J., Maslach, C., & Ruch, W. (2000). Multivariate Methods for the Comparison of Factor Structures in Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31(4), 437\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022022100031004002","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149963","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of Chinese-language 44-item and 10-item big five personality inventories, including correlations with chronotype, mindfulness and mind wandering","volume":"11","author":"Carciofo R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carciofo, R., Yang, J., Song, N., Du, F., & Zhang, K. (2016). Psychometric evaluation of Chinese-language 44-item and 10-item big five personality inventories, including correlations with chronotype, mindfulness and mind wandering. Plos One, 11(2), 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0149963","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.11.027","article-title":"Fundamental dimensions of personality underlying spirituality: Further evidence for the construct validity of the RiTE measure of spirituality","volume":"75","author":"Chang EC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang, E. C., Jilani, Z., Yu, T., Fowler, E. E., Lin, J., Webb, J. R., & Hirsch, J. K. (2015). Fundamental dimensions of personality underlying spirituality: Further evidence for the construct validity of the RiTE measure of spirituality. Personality and Individual Differences, 75(1), 175\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2014.11.027","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","article-title":"Do Spirituality, Personality Traits and Gender Predict Emotional Intelligence among Undergraduates?","volume":"4","author":"Chibueze,.; Buchi C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chibueze,.; Buchi, C., Uzoma, C., & Ezendu, A. (2024). Do Spirituality, Personality Traits and Gender Predict Emotional Intelligence among Undergraduates? Nigerian Journal Of Arts And Humanities,4(2).","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal Of Arts And Humanities"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"The NEO-PI\/NEO-FFI Manual Supplement","author":"Costa PT","year":"1989","unstructured":"Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1989). The NEO-PI\/NEO-FFI Manual Supplement. O. P. A. Resources. (Ed.))."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.4.1.5","article-title":"Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory","volume":"4","author":"Costa PT","year":"1992","unstructured":"Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992a). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 5\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.4.1.5","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual","author":"Costa PT","year":"1992","unstructured":"Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992b). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. PAR."},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual","author":"Costa PT","year":"1992","unstructured":"Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992c). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. O. P. A. Resources. (Ed.))."},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Inventario de Personalidad Neo Revisado (NEO PI-R). Inventario Neo Reducido de Cinco Factores (NEO-FFI). Manual Profesional","author":"Costa PT","year":"1999","unstructured":"Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1999). Inventario de Personalidad Neo Revisado (NEO PI-R). Inventario Neo Reducido de Cinco Factores (NEO-FFI). Manual Profesional. TEA Ediciones."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","first-page":"65","article-title":"Paranormal beliefs in relation to personality, religiosity and modernity","volume":"13","author":"Darolia CR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Darolia, C. R., & Chugh, P. (2022). Paranormal beliefs in relation to personality, religiosity and modernity. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(1), 65\u201369.","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","first-page":"52","article-title":"Reformatorian Youth in the Netherlands: Religiosity and Personality Traits","volume":"37","author":"Bruin R","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Bruin, R., Pieper, J., & Van Uden, M. (2024). Reformatorian Youth in the Netherlands: Religiosity and Personality Traits. Journal of empirical theology, 37(1), 52\u201370.","journal-title":"Journal of empirical theology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5708\/EJMH.7.2012.1.3","article-title":"Mature religiosity scale: Validity of a new questionnaire","volume":"7","author":"Vries-Schot MR","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Vries-Schot, M. R., Pieper, J. Z. T., & Van Uden, M. H. F. (2011). Mature religiosity scale: Validity of a new questionnaire. European Journal of Mental Health, 7(1), 57\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5708\/EJMH.7.2012.1.3","journal-title":"European Journal of Mental Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2010.07.042","article-title":"The effect of religiosity on political ideology via value types and personality traits: A comparison between Turkey and USA","volume":"5","author":"Dirilen-G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u00d6","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dirilen-G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, \u00d6. (2010). The effect of religiosity on political ideology via value types and personality traits: A comparison between Turkey and USA. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 12\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2010.07.042","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.18.2.192","article-title":"The Mini-IPIP Scales: Tiny-yet-effective measures of the Big Five Factors of Personality","volume":"18","author":"Donnellan MB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Donnellan, M. B., Oswald, F. L., Baird, B. M., & Lucas, R. E. (2006). The Mini-IPIP Scales: Tiny-yet-effective measures of the Big Five Factors of Personality. Psychological Assessment, 18(2), 192\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.18.2.192","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"ref30","author":"Duriez B","year":"2000","unstructured":"Duriez, B., Fontaine, J. R. J., Hutsebaut, D., & Leuven, K. U. (2000). A further elaboration of the post-critical belief scale: Evidence for the existence of four different approaches to religion in flanders-belgium. Psychologica Belgica, 40(1967), 153\u2013181."},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality","author":"Duriez B","year":"1996","unstructured":"Duriez, B., & Hutsebaut, D. (1996). A slow and easy introduction to the Post-Critical Belief. In D. M. En, & Wulff (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2004.11.007","article-title":"Personality, identity styles, and religiosity: An integrative study among late and middle adolescents","volume":"29","author":"Duriez B","year":"2006","unstructured":"Duriez, B., & Soenens, B. (2006). Personality, identity styles, and religiosity: An integrative study among late and middle adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 29(1), 119\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2004.11.007","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-020-02536-z","article-title":"Trust and trustworthiness in a Sub-Saharan African sample: contributions of personality and religiosity","volume":"153","author":"Ezirim GE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ezirim, G. E., Mbah, P. O., Nwagwu, E. J., Eze, I. C., Nche, G. C., & Chukwuorji, J. C. (2021). Trust and trustworthiness in a Sub-Saharan African sample: contributions of personality and religiosity. Social Indicators Research, 153(3), 1087\u20131107.","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1037\/scp0000141","article-title":"The opiate of the masses: Measuring spiritual bypass and its relationship to spirituality, religion, mindfulness, psychological distress, and personality","volume":"4","author":"Fox J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fox, J., Cashwell, C. S., & Picciotto, G. (2017). The opiate of the masses: Measuring spiritual bypass and its relationship to spirituality, religion, mindfulness, psychological distress, and personality. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 4(4), 274\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/scp0000141","journal-title":"Spirituality in Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/13617670802465755","article-title":"Believing literally versus symbolically: values and personality correlates among Spanish students","volume":"29","author":"Garc\u00eda AM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, A. M., & Saroglou, V. (2008). Believing literally versus symbolically: values and personality correlates among Spanish students. Journal of Beliefs & Values: Studies in Religion & Education, 29(3), 37\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13617670802465755","journal-title":"Journal of Beliefs & Values: Studies in Religion & Education"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-021-06363-x","article-title":"Personality matters: relationship between personality characteristics, spirituality, demoralization, and perceived quality of life in a sample of end-of-life cancer patients","volume":"29","author":"Ghiggia A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghiggia, A., Pierotti, V., Tesio, V., & Bovero, A. (2021). Personality matters: relationship between personality characteristics, spirituality, demoralization, and perceived quality of life in a sample of end-of-life cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer, 29(12), 7775\u20137783.","journal-title":"Supportive Care in Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.4.1.26","article-title":"Development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure","volume":"4","author":"Goldberg LR","year":"1992","unstructured":"Goldberg, L. R. (1992). Development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychology Assessment, 4(1), 26\u201342.","journal-title":"Psychology Assessment"},{"key":"ref38","author":"Goldberg LR","year":"1999a","unstructured":"Goldberg, L. R. (1999a). A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. En Personality psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7\u201328). https:\/\/doi.org\/citeulike-article-id:1856566"},{"key":"ref39","author":"Goldberg LR","year":"1999b","unstructured":"Goldberg, L. R. (1999b). A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. En Personality psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7\u201328). https:\/\/doi.org\/citeulike-article-id:1856566"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-6566(03)00046-1","article-title":"A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains","volume":"37","author":"Gosling SD","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(6), 504\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0092-6566(03)00046-1","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref41","first-page":"111","article-title":"Religiosity and Well-Being in Slovak and Hungarian Student Samples: the Role of Personality Traits","volume":"52","author":"Halama P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Halama, P., Martos, T., & Adamovov\u00e1, L. (2010). Religiosity and Well-Being in Slovak and Hungarian Student Samples: the Role of Personality Traits. Studia Psychologica, 52(2), 111\u2013115.","journal-title":"Studia Psychologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","first-page":"17","article-title":"Investigating the Effect of Personality Traits on the Mental Health of Prisoners with the Mediation of Religiosity","volume":"10","author":"Hamidi M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamidi, M., Khosravi, S., Ebrahimi, E., & Chinaveh, M. (2024). Investigating the Effect of Personality Traits on the Mental Health of Prisoners with the Mediation of Religiosity. Shahroud Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(4), 17\u201322.","journal-title":"Shahroud Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"ref43","author":"Hatch RL","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hatch, R. L., Naberhaus, D. S., & Hellmich, L. K. (1998). The Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale Development. 46(6)."},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"NEO Personality Questionnaires NEO-PI-R, NEO-FFI, Manual","author":"Hoekstra HA","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hoekstra, H. A., Ormel, J., & De Fruyt, F. (1996). NEO Personality Questionnaires NEO-PI-R, NEO-FFI, Manual. Swet & Zeitlinger BV."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/MPSzle.58.2003.1.8","author":"Horv\u00e1th-Szab\u00f3 K","year":"2003","unstructured":"Horv\u00e1th-Szab\u00f3, K. (2003). Hazai vizsg\u00e1latok a Kritika Ut\u00e1ni Vall\u00e1soss\u00e1g sk\u00e1l\u00e1val. Magyar Pszichol\u00f3giai Szemle, 58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/MPSzle.58.2003.1.8"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1163\/157092596X00132","article-title":"Post-Critical Belief a New Approach To the Religious Attitude Problem","volume":"9","author":"Hutsebaut D","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hutsebaut, D. (1996). Post-Critical Belief a New Approach To the Religious Attitude Problem. Journal of Empirical Theology, 9(2), 48\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/157092596X00132","journal-title":"Journal of Empirical Theology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref47","article-title":"Religiosity and Personality among Students of Psychology and Religion","volume":"11","author":"Indurkar A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Indurkar, A., & Anupama, A. (2023). Religiosity and Personality among Students of Psychology and Religion. International Journal of Indian Psych\u022flogy, 11(2).","journal-title":"International Journal of Indian Psych\u022flogy"},{"key":"ref48","author":"Jaworski R","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jaworski, R. (1989). Psychologiczne korelaty religijno\u015bci personalnej."},{"key":"ref49","author":"Jaworski R","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jaworski, R. (2002). Psychologiczna analiza religijno\u015bci w perspektywie komunikacji interpersonalnej. 3, 143\u2013166."},{"key":"ref50","author":"John OP","year":"1991","unstructured":"John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory\u2013Versions 4a and 54 (I. of P. and S. R. University of California, Berkeley (Ed.))."},{"issue":"510","key":"ref51","first-page":"102","article-title":"The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives","volume":"2","author":"John, Oliver P","year":"1999","unstructured":"John, Oliver, P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. Handbook of personality: Theory and research, 2(510), 102\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/citeulike-article-id:3488537","journal-title":"Handbook of personality: Theory and research"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2014.05.003","article-title":"Measuring thirty facets of the Five Factor Model with a 120-item public domain inventory: Development of the IPIP-NEO-120","volume":"51","author":"Johnson JA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnson, J. A. (2014). Measuring thirty facets of the Five Factor Model with a 120-item public domain inventory: Development of the IPIP-NEO-120. Journal of Research in Personality, 51, 78\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jrp.2014.05.003","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10805-016-9263-9","article-title":"Ethical Evaluations of Business Students in an Emerging Market: Effects of Ethical Sensitivity, Cultural Values, Personality, and Religiosity","volume":"14","author":"Kara A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kara, A., Rojas-M\u00e9ndez, J. I., & Turan, M. (2016). Ethical Evaluations of Business Students in an Emerging Market: Effects of Ethical Sensitivity, Cultural Values, Personality, and Religiosity. Journal of Academic Ethics, 14(4), 297\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10805-016-9263-9","journal-title":"Journal of Academic Ethics"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.3.496","article-title":"Dimensions of Religiosity and Their Relationship to Lifetime Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders","volume":"160","author":"Kendler K","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kendler, K., Liu, M., Gardner, C., Mccullough, M., Larson, D., & Prescott, C. (2003). Dimensions of Religiosity and Their Relationship to Lifetime Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. The American journal of psychiatry, 160, 496\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.3.496","journal-title":"The American journal of psychiatry"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.6.885b","article-title":"Religion Index for Psychiatric Research: A 5-Item Measure for Use in Health Outcome Studies","volume":"154","author":"Koenig HG","year":"1997","unstructured":"Koenig, H. G., Meador, K. G., & Parkerson, G. (1997). Religion Index for Psychiatric Research: A 5-Item Measure for Use in Health Outcome Studies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 885\u2013886.","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027505284048","article-title":"Gratitude Toward God, Stress, and Health in Late Life","volume":"28","author":"Krause N","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krause, N. (2006). Gratitude Toward God, Stress, and Health in Late Life. Research on Aging, 28(2), 163\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0164027505284048","journal-title":"Research on Aging"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.28824.70401","author":"Ksiazkiewicz A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ksiazkiewicz, A., & Friesen, A. (2018). Higher Power: Religiosity, Personality, and the Genetics of Political Ideology. White Paper, April. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.28824.70401"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11109-019-09566-5","author":"Ksiazkiewicz A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ksiazkiewicz, A., & Friesen, A. (2019). The Higher Power of Religiosity Over Personality on Political Ideology. Political Behavior, 0123456789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11109-019-09566-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s11109-019-09566-5","article-title":"The higher power of religiosity over personality on political ideology","volume":"43","author":"Ksiazkiewicz A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ksiazkiewicz, A., & Friesen, A. (2021). The higher power of religiosity over personality on political ideology. Political Behavior, 43(2), 637\u2013661.","journal-title":"Political Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-019-00847-1","article-title":"Five-Factor Model Personality Traits and Self-Classified Religiousness and Spirituality","volume":"59","author":"Lace JW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lace, J. W., Evans, L. N., Merz, Z. C., & Handal, P. J. (2020). Five-Factor Model Personality Traits and Self-Classified Religiousness and Spirituality. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(3), 1344\u20131369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10943-019-00847-1","journal-title":"Journal of Religion and Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/13674676.2016.1205572","article-title":"Personality, religiousness and spirituality \u2013 interrelations and structure \u2013 in a sample of religious Jewish women","volume":"19","author":"Lazar A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lazar, A. (2016). Personality, religiousness and spirituality \u2013 interrelations and structure \u2013 in a sample of religious Jewish women. Mental Health Religion & Culture, 19(4), 307\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13674676.2016.1205572","journal-title":"Mental Health Religion & Culture"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1080\/13674676.2019.1646235","article-title":"Spirituality, religiousness, personality as predictors of stress and resilience among middle-aged Vietnamese-Born American Catholics","volume":"22","author":"Le YK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Le, Y. K., Piedmont, R. L., & Wilkins, T. A. (2019). Spirituality, religiousness, personality as predictors of stress and resilience among middle-aged Vietnamese-Born American Catholics. Mental Health Religion & Culture, 22(7), 754\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13674676.2019.1646235","journal-title":"Mental Health Religion & Culture"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.22235\/cp.v12i1.1595","article-title":"Espiritualidad y personalidad en el marco de los Big Five","volume":"12","author":"Lemos V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lemos, V., & O\u00f1ate, M. E. (2018). Espiritualidad y personalidad en el marco de los Big Five. Ciencias Psicol\u00f3gicas, 12(1), 59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22235\/cp.v12i1.1595","journal-title":"Ciencias Psicol\u00f3gicas"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref64","first-page":"48","article-title":"Subjective Well-Being, Spirituality, Acculturation and Personality Traits: Understanding Argentinian Immigrants in Israel","volume":"6","author":"Levy RD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Levy, R. D., Allister, M., Pomerantz, W., Roizman, R. M., R., & Za'rour, H. A. (2020). Subjective Well-Being, Spirituality, Acculturation and Personality Traits: Understanding Argentinian Immigrants in Israel. PSOCIAL, 6(1), 48\u201358.","journal-title":"PSOCIAL"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref65","first-page":"53","article-title":"Personality Traits, Religiosity and Forgiveness in Young Adults","volume":"34","author":"Loona MI","year":"2024","unstructured":"Loona, M. I. (2024). Personality Traits, Religiosity and Forgiveness in Young Adults. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 34(2), 53.","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioural Sciences"},{"key":"ref66","volume-title":"The Expressions of Spirituality Inventory: Test Development, Validation and Scoring Information. Unpublished test manual","author":"MacDonald DA","year":"2000","unstructured":"MacDonald, D. A. (2000a). The Expressions of Spirituality Inventory: Test Development, Validation and Scoring Information. Unpublished test manual. U. of D. Mercy. (Ed.))."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6494.t01-1-00094","article-title":"Spirituality: Description, Measurement, and Relation to the Five Factor Model of Personality","volume":"68","author":"MacDonald DA","year":"2000","unstructured":"MacDonald, D. A. (2000b). Spirituality: Description, Measurement, and Relation to the Five Factor Model of Personality. Journal of Personality, 68(1), 153\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-6494.t01-1-00094","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-021-01473-6","article-title":"Spirituality, personality, and emotional distress during COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia","volume":"61","author":"Margeti\u0107 B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Margeti\u0107, B., Peraica, T., Stojanovi\u0107, K., & Ivanec, D. (2022). Spirituality, personality, and emotional distress during COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia. Journal of Religion and Health, 61(1), 644\u2013656.","journal-title":"Journal of Religion and Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(96)00244-9","article-title":"The reliability and validity of a short scale of attitude towards Christianity among USA, English, Republic of Ireland, and Northern Ireland adults","volume":"22","author":"Maltby J","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maltby, J., & Lewis, C. A. (1997). The reliability and validity of a short scale of attitude towards Christianity among USA, English, Republic of Ireland, and Northern Ireland adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 22(5), 649\u2013654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0191-8869(96)00244-9","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11089-022-01006-2","article-title":"The HEXACO model of personality, religiosity, and trait forgiveness","volume":"71","author":"Matuszewski K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matuszewski, K., & Moro\u0144, M. (2022). The HEXACO model of personality, religiosity, and trait forgiveness. Pastoral Psychology, 71(4), 525\u2013543.","journal-title":"Pastoral Psychology"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Handbook of personality: Theory and research","author":"McCrae RR","year":"1999","unstructured":"McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1999). The five-factor theory of personality. In L. A. Pervin, & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 139\u2013153). The Guilford Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.52223\/jess.2024.5305","article-title":"Personality Traits and Tax Evasion Attitude: The Moderating Role of Religiosity","volume":"5","author":"Mehmood M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mehmood, M., Ahmad, N., Azeem, M., & Shahzad, H. K. (2024). Personality Traits and Tax Evasion Attitude: The Moderating Role of Religiosity. Journal of Education and Social Studies, 5(3), 35\u201351.","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Social Studies"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2018.03.002","author":"Milliman J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Milliman, J., Gatling, A., & Kim, J. (2018). (Sunny). The effect of workplace spirituality on hospitality employee engagement, intention to stay, and service delivery. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 35, 56\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhtm.2018.03.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5708\/EJMH.13.2018.2.2","article-title":"The Hungarian Mysticism Scale and its Associations with Measures of Religiosity, Personality, and Cognitive Closure","volume":"13","author":"Nagy V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nagy, V., Herczeg-K\u00e9zdy, A., Martos, T., & Urb\u00e1n, S. (2018). The Hungarian Mysticism Scale and its Associations with Measures of Religiosity, Personality, and Cognitive Closure. European Journal of Mental Health, 13(2), 133\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5708\/EJMH.13.2018.2.2","journal-title":"European Journal of Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref75","first-page":"261","article-title":"Impact of religiosity and big five personality traits on quality of life among university students","volume":"3","author":"Nasir T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nasir, T., & Nasir, S. (2025). Impact of religiosity and big five personality traits on quality of life among university students. International Journal of Social Sciences Bulletin, 3(2), 261\u2013274.","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Sciences Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.18290\/pepsi-2021-0010","article-title":"Religiosity, Personality and Maturity","volume":"27","author":"Noworol AM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Noworol, A. M., & G\u0142az, S. (2021). Religiosity, Personality and Maturity. Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration, 27(2), 113\u2013141.","journal-title":"Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration"},{"key":"ref77","volume-title":"NEO-Pers\u00f6nlichkeitsinventar nach Costa und McCrae, revidierte Fassung (NEO-PI-R)","author":"Ostendorf F","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ostendorf, F., & Angleitner, A. (2004). NEO-Pers\u00f6nlichkeitsinventar nach Costa und McCrae, revidierte Fassung (NEO-PI-R). Hogrefe."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2307\/1387404","article-title":"Religion and the Problem-Solving Process: Three Styles of Coping","volume":"27","author":"Pargament KI","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pargament, K. I., Kennell, J., Hathaway, W., Grevengoed, N., Newman, J., & Jones, W. (1988). Religion and the Problem-Solving Process: Three Styles of Coping. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 27(1), 90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1387404","journal-title":"Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref79","article-title":"Personality Traits as Antecedents of Organizational Commitment; Moderating Effect of Workplace Spirituality","volume":"32","author":"Pasha MA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pasha, M. A. (2022). Personality Traits as Antecedents of Organizational Commitment; Moderating Effect of Workplace Spirituality. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 32(1).","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioural Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324796ABM2401_06","article-title":"Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: The functional assessment of chronic illness therapy \u2014Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp)","volume":"24","author":"Peterman AH","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peterman, A. H., Fitchett, G., Brady, M. J., Hernandez, L., & Cella, D. (2002). Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: The functional assessment of chronic illness therapy \u2014Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp). Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 49\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15324796ABM2401_06","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6494.00080","article-title":"Does Spirituality Represent the Sixth Factor of Personality? Spiritual Transcendence and the Five-Factor Model","volume":"67","author":"Piedmont RL","year":"1999","unstructured":"Piedmont, R. L. (1999a). Does Spirituality Represent the Sixth Factor of Personality? Spiritual Transcendence and the Five-Factor Model. Journal of personality, 67(6), 985\u20131013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-6494.00080","journal-title":"Journal of personality"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/009164719902700406","article-title":"Strategies for using the five-factor model of personality in religious research","volume":"27","author":"Piedmont RL","year":"1999b","unstructured":"Piedmont, R. L. (1999b). Strategies for using the five-factor model of personality in religious research. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 27(4), 338\u2013350. http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/psycinfo\/2000-13311-006","journal-title":"Journal of Psychology and Theology"},{"key":"ref83","author":"Piedmont RL","year":"2004","unstructured":"Piedmont, R. L. (2004). Assessment of spirituality and religious sentiments, technical manual (2a ed.). Author."},{"key":"ref84","author":"Piedmont RL","year":"2010","unstructured":"Piedmont, R. L. (2010). Assessment of spirituality and religious sentiments, technical manual. Baltimore: Author."},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"465","article-title":"The scale of spiritual transcendence: Construction and validation","volume":"16","author":"Piotrowski J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Piotrowski, J., Skrzypi\u0144ska, K., & \u017bemojtel-Piotrowska, M. (2013). The scale of spiritual transcendence: Construction and validation. Roczniki Psychologiczne, 16, 465\u2013483.","journal-title":"Roczniki Psychologiczne"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"554","article-title":"The Moderating Effect of the Personality Traits in the Correlation between Emotional Quotient and Spirituality among College Students","volume":"12","author":"Quibol EM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Quibol, E. M., & Ceballo, E. (2023). The Moderating Effect of the Personality Traits in the Correlation between Emotional Quotient and Spirituality among College Students. Psych Educ, 12, 554\u2013566.","journal-title":"Psych Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-020-00469-z","article-title":"The relationship between personality dimensions, spirituality, coping strategies and clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students: a cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Rezapour-Mirsaleh Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rezapour-Mirsaleh, Y., & Aghabagheri, M. (2020). The relationship between personality dimensions, spirituality, coping strategies and clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 19(1), 76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-020-00469-z","journal-title":"BMC Nursing"},{"key":"ref88","author":"Rodgerson TE","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rodgerson, T. E., Piedmont4, & Piedmont, R. L. (1998). Assessing the Incremental Validity of the Religious Problem-Solving Scale in the Prediction of Clergy Burnout. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(3), 517\u2013527."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.5539\/ijps.v4n1p150","article-title":"Religiosity Orientations and Personality Traits with Death Obsession","volume":"4","author":"Salmanpour H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salmanpour, H., & Issazadegan, A. (2012). Religiosity Orientations and Personality Traits with Death Obsession. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 4(1), 150\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5539\/ijps.v4n1p150","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychological Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868309352322","article-title":"Religiousness as a cultural adaptation of basic traits: a five-factor model perspective","volume":"14","author":"Saroglou V","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saroglou, V. (2010). Religiousness as a cultural adaptation of basic traits: a five-factor model perspective. Personality and social psychology review, 14(1), 108\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1088868309352322","journal-title":"Personality and social psychology review"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5906.2008.00393.x","article-title":"Individual Differences in Religion and Spirituality: An Issue of Personality Traits and\/or Values","volume":"47","author":"Saroglou V","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saroglou, V., & Mu\u00f1oz Garc\u00eda, A. (2008). Individual Differences in Religion and Spirituality: An Issue of Personality Traits and\/or Values. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 47(1), 83\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-5906.2008.00393.x","journal-title":"Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/13674676.2020.1737922","article-title":"Personality and values of deconverts: a function of current nonbelief or prior religious socialisation?","volume":"23","author":"Saroglou V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saroglou, V., Karim, M., & Day, J. M. (2020). Personality and values of deconverts: a function of current nonbelief or prior religious socialisation? Mental Health Religion & Culture, 23(2), 139\u2013152.","journal-title":"Mental Health Religion & Culture"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1163\/157361212X644495","article-title":"Spirituality with and without Religion\u2014Differential Relationships with Personality","volume":"34","author":"Schnell T","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schnell, T. (2012). Spirituality with and without Religion\u2014Differential Relationships with Personality. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 34(1), 33\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/157361212X644495","journal-title":"Archive for the Psychology of Religion"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2307\/2787148","article-title":"Value Priorities and Religiosity in Four Western Religions","volume":"58","author":"Schwartz SH","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schwartz, S. H., & Huismans, S. (1995). Value Priorities and Religiosity in Four Western Religions. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58(2), 88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2787148","journal-title":"Social Psychology Quarterly"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1999.84.3c.1173","article-title":"Brief Bipolar Markers for the Five Factor Model of Personality","volume":"84","author":"Shafer AB","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shafer, A. B. (1999). Brief Bipolar Markers for the Five Factor Model of Personality. Psychological Reports, 84, 1173\u20131179.","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"issue":"January","key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.5114\/hpr.2017.65453","article-title":"Personality, spirituality and their relation to well-being in physicians of various specialties","volume":"3","author":"Skrzypi\u0144ska K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Skrzypi\u0144ska, K., & Chudzik, I. (2017). Personality, spirituality and their relation to well-being in physicians of various specialties. Health Psychology Report, 3(January), 205\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/hpr.2017.65453","journal-title":"Health Psychology Report"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1163\/15709256-12341366","article-title":"The Relationship of Personality and Spirituality to Empathy","volume":"31","author":"Stewart C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stewart, C., Lawrence, S., & Burg, M. A. (2018). The Relationship of Personality and Spirituality to Empathy. Journal of Empirical Theology, 31(1), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/15709256-12341366","journal-title":"Journal of Empirical Theology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/15426432.2018.1548953","article-title":"Exploring the Relationship of personality characteristics and spirituality to empathy: Does spirituality add to our understanding?","volume":"38","author":"Stewart C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stewart, C., Lawrence, S., & Burg, M. A. (2019). Exploring the Relationship of personality characteristics and spirituality to empathy: Does spirituality add to our understanding? Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 38(1), 3\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15426432.2018.1548953","journal-title":"Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21245-6","article-title":"Semantics and Psychology of Spirituality","author":"Streib H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Streib, H., Klein, C., & Jr, R. W. H. (2016). Semantics and Psychology of Spirituality. Semantics and Psychology of Spirituality. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-21245-6","journal-title":"Semantics and Psychology of Spirituality"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3390\/rel10070437","article-title":"Big Five Personality Traits and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Religiosity","volume":"10","author":"Szcze\u015bniak M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Szcze\u015bniak, M., Sopi\u0144ska, B., & Kroplewski, Z. (2019). Big Five Personality Traits and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Religiosity. Religions, 10(7), 437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rel10070437","journal-title":"Religions"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.10.034","article-title":"The means and ends of religiosity: A fresh look at Gordon Allport\u2019s religious orientation dimensions","volume":"42","author":"Tiliopoulos N","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tiliopoulos, N., Bikker, A. P., Coxon, A. P. M., & Hawkin, P. K. (2007). The means and ends of religiosity: A fresh look at Gordon Allport\u2019s religious orientation dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(8), 1609\u20131620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2006.10.034","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1108\/IJOA-09-2019-1891","article-title":"Examining the effect of personality traits on workplace spirituality","volume":"28","author":"Tutar H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tutar, H., & Oru\u00e7, E. (2020). Examining the effect of personality traits on workplace spirituality. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 28(5), 1005\u20131017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJOA-09-2019-1891","journal-title":"International Journal of Organizational Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2478\/jeb-2020-0018","article-title":"Big five personality traits and workplace spirituality: A mixed method study","volume":"15","author":"Tutar H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tutar, H., Oru\u00e7, E., Erdem, A., & Serpil, H. (2020). Big five personality traits and workplace spirituality: A mixed method study. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 15(2).","journal-title":"South East European Journal of Economics and Business"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.18682\/pd.v23i2.9230","article-title":"Espiritualidad, Religiosidad y Personalidad como Predictores del Florecimiento","volume":"23","author":"Vera A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vera, A., Olivera, M., Prozzillo, P., & Simkin, H. (2023). Espiritualidad, Religiosidad y Personalidad como Predictores del Florecimiento. Revista psicodebate: psicolog\u00eda cultura y sociedad, 23(2), 62\u201371.","journal-title":"Revista psicodebate: psicolog\u00eda cultura y sociedad"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-013-9697-y","article-title":"Ritualistic, Theistic, and Existential Spirituality: Initial Psychometric Qualities of the RiTE Measure of Spirituality","volume":"53","author":"Webb JR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Webb, J. R., Toussaint, L., & Dula, C. S. (2014). Ritualistic, Theistic, and Existential Spirituality: Initial Psychometric Qualities of the RiTE Measure of Spirituality. Journal of Religion and Health, 53(4), 972\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10943-013-9697-y","journal-title":"Journal of Religion and Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-019-00108-8","article-title":"Couple Similarity on Personality, Moral Identity and Spirituality Predict Life Satisfaction of Spouses and Their Offspring","volume":"21","author":"Wu R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu, R., Liu, Z., Guo, Q., Cai, M., & Zhou, J. (2020). Couple Similarity on Personality, Moral Identity and Spirituality Predict Life Satisfaction of Spouses and Their Offspring. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(3), 1037\u20131058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-019-00108-8","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.71085\/sss.04.02.266","article-title":"Personality traits and spouse selection in young adults: The mediating role of religiosity","volume":"4","author":"Younas F","year":"2025","unstructured":"Younas, F., Nayab, K., & Younas, F. (2025). Personality traits and spouse selection in young adults: The mediating role of religiosity. Social Sciences Spectrum, 4(2), 253\u2013227.","journal-title":"Social Sciences Spectrum"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref108","first-page":"35","article-title":"Role of Spirituality and Five Personality Traits in the Prediction of Perceived Stress in Mothers of Mentally-Retarded Children","volume":"8","author":"Zarrin SA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zarrin, S. A., Asadi, M., Jafari, Z., & Nezhad, Z. T. (2021). Role of Spirituality and Five Personality Traits in the Prediction of Perceived Stress in Mothers of Mentally-Retarded Children. Med Ethics, 8(1), 35\u201343.","journal-title":"Med Ethics"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-8060072\/v1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-8060072\/v1.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T18:40:02Z","timestamp":1776883202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-8060072\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"references-count":108,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8060072\/v1","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}