{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T06:56:39Z","timestamp":1747205799165,"version":"3.40.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n        <p><bold>Background<\/bold>: People with COPD have been reported to bear a distinct airway microbiota from healthy individuals based on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and sputum samples. Unfortunately, the collection of these samples involves invasive procedures preventing its regular use. Non-invasive samples from the upper airways could constitute an interesting alternative, but its relationship with COPD is still underexplored.We examined the merits of saliva to identify the typical profile of COPD microbiota and test its association with the disease.<bold>Methods:<\/bold> Outpatients with COPD and age-sex matched healthy controls were recruited and characterised based on clinical parameters and 16S rRNA profiling of salivary microbiota. A clustering analysis based on patients\u2019 microbiota beta-diversity and logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the association between the microbiota composition and COPD. <bold>Results:<\/bold> 128 individuals participated (70 patients and 58 controls).  Differential abundance analyses showed differences in patients comparable to the ones previously observed in samples from the lower respiratory tract, <italic>i.e<\/italic>., an increase in Proteobacteria (particularly <italic>Haemophilus<\/italic>) and loss of microbiota diversity.  An unsupervised clustering analysis separated patients in two groups based on microbiota composition differing significantly in the frequency of patients hospitalized due to severe acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and in the frequency of GOLD D patients. Furthermore, a low frequency of <italic>Prevotella<\/italic> was associated with a significantly higher risk of recent severe AECOPD and of being GOLD D.<bold>Conclusion:<\/bold> Salivary microbiota showed an association with COPD, particularly with severe exacerbations, supporting the use of this non-invasive specimen for future studies of heterogeneous respiratory diseases like COPD.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-940216\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T02:04:06Z","timestamp":1633485846000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Saliva As A Non-Invasive Specimen For COPD Assessment"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1768-1562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Melo-Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro Institute of Biomedicine of Aveiro: Universidade de Aveiro Instituto de Biomedicina"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baixo Vouga Hospital Centre: Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga EPE"}]},{"given":"L\u00edlia","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baixo Vouga Hospital Centre: Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga EPE"}]},{"given":"Alda","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Aveiro Escola Superior de Saude de Aveiro"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8541-5720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro"}]}],"member":"297","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-940216\/v1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-940216\/v1.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T03:17:47Z","timestamp":1659064667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-940216\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-940216\/v1","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1186\/s12931-022-01935-9","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}