{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:48:20Z","timestamp":1791215300624,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Japanese Society of Toxicology","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Toxicol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"DOI":"10.2131\/jts.33.283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,4]],"date-time":"2008-08-04T05:53:37Z","timestamp":1217829217000},"page":"283-291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Pesticide resistance in wild mammals - Mechanisms of anticoagulant resistance in wild rodents -"],"prefix":"10.2131","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Ishizuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Tanikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Research Laboratory, Ikari Corporation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki D.","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Heewon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumie","family":"Okajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro Q.","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoichi","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"898","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"Ayala, I., Rodr&iacute;guez, M.J., Martos, N., Zilberschtein, J., Ru&iacute;z, I. and Motas, M. (2007): Fatal brodifacoum poisoning in a pony. Can. Vet. J., <b>48<\/b>, 627-629."},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyle, C.M. (1960): Case of apparent resistance of <i>Rattus norvegicus<\/i> Berkenhout to anticoagulant poisons. Nature, <b>188<\/b>, 517-525.","DOI":"10.1038\/188517a0"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cain, D., Hutson, S.M. and Wallin, R. (1998): Warfarin resistance is associated with a protein component of the vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase enzyme complex in rat liver. Thromb. Haemostasis, <b>80<\/b>, 128-133.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615151"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"Dodsworth, E. (1961): Mice are spreading despite such poisons as warfarin. Minic. Engin. Lond., <b>3746<\/b>, 1668."},{"key":"5","unstructured":"Eason, C.T., Murphy, E.C., Wright, G.R.G. and Spurr, E.B. (2001): Assessment of Risks of Brodifacoum to Non-target Birds and Mammals in New Zealand. Ecotoxicology, <b>11<\/b>, 35-48."},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujita, S., Chiba, I., Ishizuka, M., Hoshi, H., Iwata, H., Sakakibara, A., Tanabe, S., Kazusaka, A., Masuda, M., Masuda, Y. and Nakagawa, H. (2001): P450 in wild animals as a biomarker of environmental impact. Biomarkers, <b>6<\/b>, 19-25.","DOI":"10.1080\/135475001452751"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90567-3"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gebauer, M. (2007): Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel warfarin derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem., <b>15<\/b>, 2414-2420.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2007.01.014"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2004.04.004"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00266a045"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.tpj.6500171"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095857"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1249"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helgeland, L. (1977): The submicrosomal site for the conversion of prothrombin precursor to biologically active prothrombin in rat liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., <b>499<\/b>, 181-193.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(77)90001-0"},{"issue":"11","key":"15","first-page":"1301","volume":"23","year":"1995","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-9556","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishizuka, M., Okajima, F., Tanikawa, T., Min, H., Tanaka, K.D., Sakamoto, K.Q. and Fujita, S. (2007): Elevated warfarin metabolism in warfarin-resistant roof rats (<i>Rattus rattus<\/i>) in Tokyo. Drug Metab. Dispos., <b>35<\/b>, 62-66.","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.106.011775"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izzo, A.A. (2005): Herb-drug interactions: An overview of the clinical evidence. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol., <b>19<\/b>, 1-16.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2004.00301.x"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, W. and Kaukeinen, D. (1972): Resistance of wild Norway rats in North Carolina to warfarin rodenticide. Science, <b>176<\/b>, 1343-1344.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.176.4041.1343"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/04-255R.1"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(96)00140-4"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2004.08.009"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohn, M.H., Pelz, H.J. and Wayne, R.K. (2000): Natural selection mapping of the warfarin-resistance gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., <b>97<\/b>, 7911-7915.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.14.7911"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohn, M.H., Pelz, H.J. and Wayne, R.K. (2003): Locus-specific genetic differentiation at Rw among warfarin-resistant rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus<\/i>) populations. Genetics, <b>164<\/b>, 1055-1070.","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/164.3.1055"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotsaftis, P., Girtovitis, F., Boutou, A., Ntaios, G. and Makris, P.E. (2007): Haemarthrosis after superwarfarin poisoning. Eur. J. Haematol., <b>79<\/b>, 255-257.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2007.00904.x"},{"key":"25","unstructured":"Lasseur, R., Grandemange, A., Longin-Sauvageon, C., Berny, P. and Benoit, E. (2006): Heterogeneity of the coumarin anticoagulant targeted vitamin K epoxide reduction system. Study of kinetic parameters in susceptible and resistant mice (<i>Mus musculus domesticus<\/i>). J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., <b>20<\/b>, 221-229."},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lasseur, R., Longin-Sauvageon, C., Videmann, B., Billeret, M., Berny, P. and Benoit, E. (2006): Warfarin resistance in a French strain of rats. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., <b>19<\/b>, 379-385.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20104"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02254"},{"key":"28","unstructured":"Lund, M. (1967): The resistance to anticoagulants. Dan. Pest. Infest. Lab., <b>47<\/b>, 611-618."},{"key":"29","unstructured":"Lund, M. (1984): Resistance to the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. Proc. Vertebrate Pest. Conf., <b>11<\/b>, 89-94."},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.703"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780430111"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naganuma, K., Fujita, A., Taniguchi, N. and Takada, S. (1981): Warfarin susceptibility in the roof rat, <i>Rattus rattus<\/i>, in some locations of Tokyo. Jap. J. Sanit. Zool., <b>32<\/b>, 243-245.","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.32.243"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11203-7"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200401000-00001"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelz, H.J., Rost, S., Hunerberg, M., Fregin, A., Heiburg, A.C., Baert, K., MacNicoll, A.D., Prescott, C.V., Walker, A.S., Oldenburg, J. and M&uuml;ller, C.R. (2005): The genetic basis of resistance to anticoagulants in rodents. Genetics, <b>170<\/b>, 1839-1847.","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.040360"},{"key":"36","unstructured":"Petterino, C. and Paolo, B. (2001): Toxicology of various anticoagulant rodenticides in animals. Vet. Hum. Toxicol., <b>43<\/b>, 353-360."},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02214"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rost, S., Fregin, A., H&uuml;nerberg, M., Bevans, C.G., M&uuml;ller, C.R. and Oldenburg, J. (2005): Site-directed mutagenesis of coumarin-type anticoagulant-sensitive VKORC1: evidence that highly conserved amino acids define structural requirements of enzymatic activity and inhibition by warfarin. Thromb. Haemost., <b>94<\/b>, 780-786.","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-02-0082"},{"key":"39","unstructured":"Saunders, G.R. (1978): Resistance to warfarin in the roof rat in Sydney. NSW Search, <b>9<\/b>, 39-40."},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(99)00038-7"},{"key":"41","unstructured":"Siddiqi, Z. and Blaine, W.D. (1982): Anticoagulant resistance in house mice in Toronto, Canada Environ. Health Rev., <b>32<\/b>, 49-51."},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spahr, J.E., Maul, J.S. and Rodgers, G.M. (2007): Superwarfarin poisoning: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Am. J. Hematol., <b>82<\/b>, 656-660.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20784"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stafford, D.W. (2005): The vitamin K cycle. J. Thromb. Haemost., <b>3<\/b>, 1873-1878.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01419.x"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone, W.B., Okoniewski, J.C. and Stedelin, J.R. (1999): Poisoning of wildlife with anticoagulant rodenticides in New York. J. Wildl. Dis., <b>35<\/b>, 187-193.","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-35.2.187"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00498250110060932"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.54.070185.002331"},{"key":"47","unstructured":"Telle, H. (1971): Resistance to warfarin of the brown rat <i>Rattus norvregicus<\/i> in Germany. WHO Bull., <b>45<\/b>, 331-334."},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(89)90028-2"},{"key":"49","unstructured":"Thijssen, H.H., Soute, B.A., Vervoort, L.M. and Claessens, J.G. (2004): Paracetamol (acetaminophen)-warfarin interaction: NAPQ1, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, is an inhibitor of enzymes in the vitamin K cycle. Thromb. Haemost., <b>92<\/b>, 797-802."},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uno, T., Sugimoto, K., Sugawara, K. and Tateishi, T. (2008): The effect of CYP2C19 genotypes on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin enantiomers. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., <b>33<\/b>, 67-73.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2008.00887.x"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M608954200"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413982200"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallin, R., Hutson, S.M., Cain, D., Sweatt, A. and Sane, D.C. (2001): A molecular mechanism for genetic warfarin resistance in the rat. FASEB J., <b> 15<\/b>, 2542-2544.","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0337fje"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2004.05.003"},{"key":"55","unstructured":"Werck-Reichhart, D. and Feyereisen, R. (2000): Cytochromes P450: a success story. Genome Biol., <b>1<\/b>, REVIEWS3003."},{"key":"56","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (1995): Anticoagulant rodenticides. Environmental Health Criteria, <b>175<\/b>."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Toxicological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jts\/33\/3\/33_3_283\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T12:19:33Z","timestamp":1684498773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jts\/33\/3\/33_3_283\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2131\/jts.33.283","relation":{},"ISSN":["0388-1350","1880-3989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0388-1350","type":"print"},{"value":"1880-3989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}}}