{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:39:06Z","timestamp":1787024346651,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Japanese Society of Toxicology","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Toxicol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.2131\/jts.50.507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T22:11:44Z","timestamp":1756678304000},"page":"507-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Oral exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics induces anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficit accompanied with alteration of neuroimmune markers in rats"],"prefix":"10.2131","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Tin-Tin","family":"Win-Shwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaw","family":"Kyi-Tha-Thu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"898","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, R., Wang, X., Yang, L., Zhang, J., Wang, N., Xu, F., Hou, Y., Zhang, H. and Zhang, L. (2021): Polystyrene microplastics cause granulosa cells apoptosis and fibrosis in ovary through oxidative stress in rats. Toxicology, <b>449<\/b>, 152665.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152665"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avila-Costa, M.R., Col\u00edn-Barenque, L., Fortoul, T.I., Machado-Salas, J.P., Espinosa-Villanueva, J., Rugerio-Vargas, C., Borgonio, G., Dorado, C. and Rivas-Arancibia, S. (2001): Motor impairments in an oxidative stress model and its correlation with cytological changes on rat striatum and prefrontal cortex. Int. J. Neurosci., <b>108<\/b>, 193-200.","DOI":"10.3109\/00207450108986514"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ba\u015f, O., \u0130lhan, H., Hanc\u0131, H., \u00c7elikkan, H., Ekinci, D., De\u011fermenci, M., Karap\u0131nar, B.O., Warille, A.A., \u00c7ankaya, S. and \u00d6zkasapo\u011flu, S. (2023): To what extent are orally ingested nanoplastics toxic to the hippocampus in young adult rats? J. Chem. Neuroanat., <b>132<\/b>, 102314.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2023.102314"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banerjee, A. and Shelver, W.L. (2021): Micro- and nanoplastic induced cellular toxicity in mammals: A review. Sci. Total Environ., <b>755<\/b>, 142518.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142518"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bannerman, D.M., Good, M.A., Butcher, S.P., Ramsay, M. and Morris, R.G. (1995): Distinct components of spatial learning revealed by prior training and NMDA receptor blockade. Nature, <b>378<\/b>, 182-186.","DOI":"10.1038\/378182a0"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnes, D.K., Galgani, F., Thompson, R.C. and Barlaz, M. (2009): Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., <b>364<\/b>, 1985-1998.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0205"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bello-Medina, P.C., Prado-Alcal\u00e1, R.A. and Rivas-Arancibia, S. (2019): Effect of Ozone Exposure on Dendritic Spines of CA1 Pyramidal Neurons of the Dorsal Hippocampus and on Object-place Recognition Memory in Rats. Neuroscience, <b>402<\/b>, 1-10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.01.018"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhagat, J., Nishimura, N. and Shimada, Y. (2021): Toxicological interactions of microplastics\/nanoplastics and environmental contaminants: current knowledge and future perspectives. J. Hazard. Mater., <b>405<\/b>, 123913.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123913"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brachner, A., Fragouli, D., Duarte, I.F., Farias, P.M., Dembski, S., Ghosh, M., Barisic, I., Zdzieblo, D., Vanoirbeek, J., Schwabl, P. and Neuhaus, W. (2020): Assessment of Human Health Risks Posed by Nano-and Microplastics Is Currently Not Feasible. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, <b>17<\/b>, 8832.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17238832"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"Carabotti, M., Scirocco, A., Maselli, M.A. and Severi, C. (2015): The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Ann. Gastroenterol., <b>28<\/b>, 203-209."},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, D.W. and Rothman, S.M. (1990): The role of glutamate neurotoxicity in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., <b>13<\/b>, 171-182.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.13.030190.001131"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark, I.A., Alleva, L.M. and Vissel, B. (2010): The roles of TNF in brain dysfunction and disease. Pharmacol. Ther., <b>128<\/b>, 519-548.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.08.007"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clements, K.M. and Wainwright, P.E. (2010): Swim stress increases hippocampal Zif268 expression in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Brain Res. Bull., <b>82<\/b>, 259-263.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2010.05.002"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox, K.D., Covernton, G.A., Davies, H.L., Dower, J.F., Juanes, F. and Dudas, S.E. (2019): Human Consumption of Microplastics. Environ. Sci. Technol., <b>53<\/b>, 7068-7074.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b01517"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cryan, J.F., O\u2019Riordan, K.J., Cowan, C.S., Sandhu, K.V., Bastiaanssen, T.F., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M.G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A.V., Guzzetta, K.E., Jaggar, M., Long-Smith, C.M., Lyte, J.M., Martin, J.A., Molinero-Perez, A., Moloney, G., Morelli, E., Morillas, E., O\u2019Connor, R., Cruz-Pereira, J.S., Peterson, V.L., Rea, K., Ritz, N.L., Sherwin, E., Spichak, S., Teichman, E.M., van de Wouw, M., Ventura-Silva, A.P., Wallace-Fitzsimons, S.E., Hyland, N., Clarke, G. and Dinan, T.G. (2019): The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol. Rev., <b>99<\/b>, 1877-2013.","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2018"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dayan, E. and Cohen, L.G. (2011): Neuroplasticity subserving motor skill learning. Neuron, <b>72<\/b>, 443-454.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.10.008"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, S., Bozon, B. and Laroche, S. (2003): How necessary is the activation of the immediate early gene zif268 in synaptic plasticity and learning? Behav. Brain Res., <b>142<\/b>, 17-30.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00421-7"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, J., Zhang, S., Razanajatovo, R.M., Zou, H. and Zhu, W. (2018): Accumulation, tissue distribution, and biochemical effects of polystyrene microplastics in the freshwater fish red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Environ. Pollut., <b>238<\/b>, 1-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.03.001"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dix, S.L. and Aggleton, J.P. (1999): Extending the spontaneous preference test of recognition: evidence of object-location and object-context recognition. Behav. Brain Res., <b>99<\/b>, 191-200.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(98)00079-5"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estrela, F.N., Guimar\u00e3es, A.T., Ara\u00fajo, A.P., Silva, F.G., Luz, T.M., Silva, A.M., Pereira, P.S. and Malafaia, G. (2021): Toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics and zinc oxide to mice. Chemosphere, <b>271<\/b>, 129476.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.129476"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farf\u00e1n-Garc\u00eda, E.D., Castillo-Hern\u00e1ndez, M.C., Pinto-Almaz\u00e1n, R., Rivas-Arancibia, S., Gallardo, J.M. and Guerra-Araiza, C. (2014): Tibolone prevents oxidation and ameliorates cholinergic deficit induced by ozone exposure in the male rat hippocampus. Neurochem. Res., <b>39<\/b>, 1776-1786.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1385-0"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fonnum, F. (1984): Glutamate: a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. J. Neurochem., <b>42<\/b>, 1-11.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1984.tb09689.x"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herdegen, T. and Leah, J.D. (1998): Inducible and constitutive transcription factors in the mammalian nervous system: control of gene expression by Jun, Fos and Krox, and CREB\/ATF proteins. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev., <b>28<\/b>, 370-490.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00018-6"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Liang, B., Li, Z., Zhong, Y., Wang, B., Zhang, B., Du, J., Ye, R., Xian, H., Min, W., Yan, X., Deng, Y., Feng, Y., Bai, R., Fan, B., Yang, X. and Huang, Z. (2023): Polystyrene nanoplastic exposure induces excessive mitophagy by activating AMPK\/ULK1 pathway in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and dopaminergic neurons <i>in vivo.<\/i> Part. Fibre Toxicol., <b>20<\/b>, 44.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-023-00556-4"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ivar do Sul, J.A. and Costa, M.F. (2014): The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine environment. Environ. Pollut., <b>185<\/b>, 352-364.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.10.036"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwamura, E., Yamada, K. and Ichitani, Y. (2016): Involvement of hippocampal NMDA receptors in retrieval of spontaneous object recognition memory in rats. Behav. Brain Res., <b>307<\/b>, 92-99.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.03.048"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, B.K., Han, S.W., Park, S.H., Bae, J.S., Choi, J. and Ryu, K.Y. (2020): Neurotoxic potential of polystyrene nanoplastics in primary cells originating from mouse brain. Neurotoxicology, <b>81<\/b>, 189-196.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.10.008"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyi-Tha-Thu, C., Fujitani, Y., Hirano, S. and Win-Shwe, T.T. (2022): Early-Life Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollutants Induced Anxiety-like Behaviors in Rats via Neurotransmitters and Neurotrophic Factors. Int. J. Mol. Sci., <b>24<\/b>, 586.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010586"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyi-Tha-Thu, C., Htway, S.M., Suzuki, T., Nohara, K. and Win-Shwe, T.T. (2023): Gestational arsenic exposure induces anxiety-like behaviors in F1 female mice by dysregulation of neurological and immunological markers. Environ. Health Prev. Med., <b>28<\/b>, 43.","DOI":"10.1265\/ehpm.23-00046"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, B., Huang, Y., Zhong, Y., Li, Z., Ye, R., Wang, B., Zhang, B., Meng, H., Lin, X., Du, J., Hu, M., Wu, Q., Sui, H., Yang, X. and Huang, Z. (2022): Brain single-nucleus transcriptomics highlights that polystyrene nanoplastics potentially induce Parkinson\u2019s disease-like neurodegeneration by causing energy metabolism disorders in mice. J. Hazard. Mater., <b>430<\/b>, 128459.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128459"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leslie, H.A., van Velzen, M.J., Brandsma, S.H., Vethaak, A.D., Garcia-Vallejo, J.J. and Lamoree, M.H. (2022): Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood. Environ. Int., <b>163<\/b>, 107199.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107199"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Xu, D., Wan, Z., Wei, Z., Chen, Z., Wang, Y., Han, X. and Chen, Y. (2024): Exposure to different surface-modified polystyrene nanoparticles caused anxiety, depression, and social deficit in mice via damaging mitochondria in neurons. Sci. Total Environ., <b>919<\/b>, 170739.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170739"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martini, A.C., Helman, A.M., McCarty, K.L., Lott, I.T., Doran, E., Schmitt, F.A. and Head, E. (2020): Distribution of microglial phenotypes as a function of age and Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuropathology in the brains of people with Down syndrome. Alzheimers Dement. (Amst.), <b>12<\/b>, e12113.","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12113"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayanathara Thathsarani Pilapitiya, P.G. and Ratnayake, A.S. (2024): The world of plastic waste: A review. Cleaner Materials., <b>11<\/b>, 100220.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clema.2024.100220"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Donovan, K.J., Tourtellotte, W.G., Millbrandt, J. and Baraban, J.M. (1999): The EGR family of transcription-regulatory factors: progress at the interface of molecular and systems neuroscience. Trends Neurosci., <b>22<\/b>, 167-173.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(98)01343-5"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paing, Y.M., Eom, Y., Song, G.B., Kim, B., Choi, M.G., Hong, S. and Lee, S.H. (2024): Neurotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on memory and microglial activation: insights from <i>in vivo<\/i> and <i>in vitro<\/i> studies. Sci. Total Environ., <b>924<\/b>, 171681.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171681"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pitts, E.G., Taylor, J.R. and Gourley, S.L. (2016): Prefrontal cortical BDNF: A regulatory key in cocaine- and food-reinforced behaviors. <b>91<\/b>: 326-335.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.02.021"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prata, J.C., da Costa, J.P., Lopes, I., Duarte, A.C. and Rocha-Santos, T. (2020): Environmental exposure to microplastics: an overview on possible human health effects. Sci. Total Environ., <b>702<\/b>, 134455.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134455"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao, R., Sheng, C., Lu, Y., Zhang, Y., Ren, H. and Lemos, B. (2019): Microplastics induce intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and disorders of metabolome and microbiome in zebrafish. Sci. Total Environ., <b>662<\/b>, 246-253.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.245"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ragusa, A., Svelato, A., Santacroce, C., Catalano, P., Notarstefano, V., Carnevali, O., Papa, F., Rongioletti, M.C., Baiocco, F., Draghi, S., D\u2019Amore, E., Rinaldo, D., Matta, M. and Giorgini, E. (2021): Plasticenta: first evidence of microplastics in human placenta. Environ. Int., <b>146<\/b>, 106274.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106274"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivas-Arancibia, S., Dorado-Mart\u00ednez, C., Colin-Barenque, L., Kendrick, K.M., de la Riva, C. and Guevara-Guzm\u00e1n, R. (2003): Effect of acute ozone exposure on locomotor behavior and striatal function. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., <b>74<\/b>, 891-900.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(03)00011-X"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santana-Viera, S., Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., Guedes-Alonso, R., Sosa-Ferrera, Z. and Santana-Rodr\u00edguez, J.J. (2021): Organic pollutants adsorbed on microplastics: analytical methodologies and occurrence in oceans. Trends Environ. Anal. Chem., <b>2021<\/b>, 29.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teac.2021.e00114"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savage, J.C., Carrier, M. and Tremblay, M.\u00c8. (2019): Morphology of Microglia Across Contexts of Health and Disease. Methods Mol. Biol., <b>2034<\/b>, 13-26.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9658-2_2"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Segal, M. (2005): Dendritic spines and long-term plasticity. Nat. Rev. Neurosci., <b>6<\/b>, 277-284.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1649"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senathirajah, K., Attwood, S., Bhagwat, G., Carbery, M., Wilson, S. and Palanisami, T. (2021): Estimation of the mass of microplastics ingested - A pivotal first step towards human health risk assessment. J Hazard Mater. <b>404<\/b> (Pt B):124004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124004"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shan, S., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zeng, T. and Zhao, X. (2022): Polystyrene nanoplastics penetrate across the blood-brain barrier and induce activation of microglia in the brain of mice. Chemosphere, <b>298<\/b>, 134261.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134261"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, Y.P., Bernardi, A. and Frozza, R.L. (2020): The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne), <b>11<\/b>, 25.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00025"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thiagarajan, V., Alex, S.A., Seenivasan, R., Chandrasekaran, N. and Mukherjee, A. (2021): Interactive effects of micro\/nanoplastics and nanomaterials\/pharmaceuticals: their ecotoxicological consequences in the aquatic systems. Aquat. Toxicol., <b>232<\/b>, 105747.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2021.105747"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tsien, J.Z., Huerta, P.T. and Tonegawa, S. (1996): The essential role of hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in spatial memory. Cell, <b>87<\/b>, 1327-1338.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81827-9"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van de Veerdonk, F.L., Netea, M.G., Dinarello, C.A. and Joosten, L.A. (2011): Inflammasome activation and IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18 processing during infection. Trends Immunol., <b>32<\/b>, 110-116.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.01.003"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Win-Shwe, T.T., Mitsushima, D., Yamamoto, S., Fukushima, A., Funabashi, T., Kobayashi, T. and Fujimaki, H. (2008a): Changes in neurotransmitter levels and proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expressions in the mice olfactory bulb following nanoparticle exposure. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., <b>226<\/b>, 192-198.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.09.009"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Win-Shwe, T.T., Yamamoto, S., Fujitani, Y., Hirano, S. and Fujimaki, H. (2008b): Spatial learning and memory function-related gene expression in the hippocampus of mouse exposed to nanoparticle-rich diesel exhaust. Neurotoxicology, <b>29<\/b>, 940-947.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2008.09.007"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Win-Shwe, T.T., Mitsushima, D., Yamamoto, S., Fujitani, Y., Funabashi, T., Hirano, S. and Fujimaki, H. (2009): Extracellular glutamate level and NMDA receptor subunit expression in mouse olfactory bulb following nanoparticle-rich diesel exhaust exposure. Inhal. Toxicol., <b>21<\/b>, 828-836.","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370802538068"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Win-Shwe, T.T., Yamamoto, S., Fujitani, Y., Hirano, S. and Fujimaki, H. (2012a): Nanoparticle-rich diesel exhaust affects hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and NMDA receptor subunit expression in female mice. Nanotoxicology, <b>6<\/b>, 543-553.","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2011.590904"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Win-Shwe, T.T., Fujimaki, H., Fujitani, Y. and Hirano, S. (2012b): Novel object recognition ability in female mice following exposure to nanoparticle-rich diesel exhaust. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., <b>262<\/b>, 355-362.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.015"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Win-Shwe, T.T., Fujitani, Y., Kyi-Tha-Thu, C., Furuyama, A., Michikawa, T., Tsukahara, S., Nitta, H. and Hirano, S. (2014): Effects of diesel engine exhaust origin secondary organic aerosols on novel object recognition ability and maternal behavior in BALB\/c mice. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, <b>11<\/b>, 11286-11307.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph111111286"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Win-Shwe, T.T., Kyi-Tha-Thu, C., Moe, Y., Fujitani, Y., Tsukahara, S. and Hirano, S. (2016): Exposure of BALB\/c Mice to Diesel Engine Exhaust Origin Secondary Organic Aerosol (DE-SOA) during the Developmental Stages Impairs the Social Behavior in Adult Life of the Males. Front. Neurosci., <b>9<\/b>, 524.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00524"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, X., Deng, T., Duan, J., Xie, J., Yuan, J. and Chen, M. (2020): Exposure to polystyrene microplastics causes reproductive toxicity through oxidative stress and activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., <b>190<\/b>, 110133.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.110133"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, M., Halimu, G., Zhang, Q., Song, Y., Fu, X., Li, Y., Li, Y. and Zhang, H. (2019): Internalization and toxicity: A preliminary study of effects of nanoplastic particles on human lung epithelial cell. Sci. Total Environ., <b>694<\/b>, 133794.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133794"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, K., Lu, H., Zhang, Y., Hou, L., Meng, X., Li, J., Zhao, H. and Xing, M. (2022a): Secondary brain injury after polystyrene microplastic-induced intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with inflammation and pyroptosis. Chem. Biol. Interact., <b>367<\/b>, 110180.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110180"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, K., Wang, D., Zhao, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Li, B. and Xing, M. (2022b): Polystyrene microplastics up-regulates liver glutamine and glutamate synthesis and promotes autophagy-dependent ferroptosis and apoptosis in the cerebellum through the liver-brain axis. Environ. Pollut., <b>307<\/b>, 119449.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119449"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yong, C.Q., Valiyaveettil, S. and Tang, B.L. (2020): Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, <b>17<\/b>, 1509.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051509"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, P., Liu, Z., Wu, D., Chen, M., Lv, W. and Zhao, Y. (2018): Accumulation of polystyrene microplastics in juvenile Eriocheir sinensis and oxidative stress effects in the liver. Aquat. Toxicol., <b>200<\/b>, 28-36.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2018.04.015"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ze, Y., Sheng, L., Zhao, X., Hong, J., Ze, X., Yu, X., Pan, X., Lin, A., Zhao, Y., Zhang, C., Zhou, Q., Wang, L. and Hong, F. (2014): TiO2 nanoparticles induced hippocampal neuroinflammation in mice. PLoS One, <b>9<\/b>, e92230.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092230"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Wang, L., Trasande, L. and Kannan, K. (2021a): Occurrence of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polycarbonate Microplastics in Infant and Adult Feces. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., <b>11<\/b>, 989-994.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c00559"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, N., Li, Y.B., He, H.R., Zhang, J.F. and Ma, G.S. (2021b): You are what you eat: microplastics in the feces of young men living in Beijing. Sci. Total Environ., <b>767<\/b>, 144345.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144345"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Toxicological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jts\/50\/9\/50_507\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T04:36:57Z","timestamp":1757133417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jts\/50\/9\/50_507\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2131\/jts.50.507","relation":{},"ISSN":["0388-1350","1880-3989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0388-1350","type":"print"},{"value":"1880-3989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}