{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:09:04Z","timestamp":1774984144043,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malays J Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cranium houses the brain, and layers formed by the scalp, cranial bones, and meninges protect it from external energy, including light. Therefore, the brain can be viewed as a black body in a black box. The layers also protect the brain from external atmospheric or gravity force, and together with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), it creates a microgravity or buoyant brain compartment. The brain curving (microgravity posture) mainly occurs at the mesencephalic-diencephalic junction and is thought to be because of the microgravity environment, thus, creating a nearly spherical-like brain geometry. The roughly spherical brain geometry, a black body with its heat irradiation, the presence of charged fluid in the brain extracellular space, and brain requirements to optimally cleanse waste products and be protective against micro-organisms may suggest a possible presence of plasma-like brain energy. This energy has the capability to emit infrared, and its amount is determined by black-body radiation and thermodynamics principles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms-12-2024-970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T11:54:38Z","timestamp":1746100478000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Brain as a Black Body in a Black Box"],"prefix":"10.21315","volume":"32","author":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zamzuri","family":"Idris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jafri Malin","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul Rahman Izaini","family":"Ghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaitun","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ang Song","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana Noma","family":"Fitzrol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ihfaz","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanihah","family":"Abdul Halim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"8963","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"container-title":["Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T11:54:39Z","timestamp":1746100479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.mjms.usm.my\/MJMS32022025\/01-mjms-12-2024-970.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21315\/mjms-12-2024-970","relation":{},"ISSN":["1394-195X","2180-4303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1394-195X","type":"print"},{"value":"2180-4303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]}}}