{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T10:53:18Z","timestamp":1789555998196,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) on pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. We performed a systematic search for relevant studies published to August 2021 in the medical databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. The following key terms were used: \u2018electromagnetic field,\u2019 \u2018mobile phones,\u2019 \u2018mobile phone base stations,\u2019 \u2018watching TV,\u2019 \u2018using Internet,\u2019 \u2018miscarriage,\u2019 \u2018abortions,\u2019 \u2018spontaneous abortion,\u2019 \u2018early abortion\u2019 and \u2018late abortion\u2019. All case\u2013control and cohort studies that investigated the effect of EMF exposure on the risk of miscarriage were included without any restriction of language or time. Statistical analyses were done using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2.0). A random-effects model was performed to calculate the overall effect size. A primary search revealed a total of 982 relevant studies; six articles (N = 3,187 participants) met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The results of the random-effects meta-analysis indicated that EMF exposure had a significant effect on miscarriage: rate ratio (RR) = 1.699; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.121, 2.363 (P &lt; 0.001); and heterogeneity (I2) = 84.55% (P &lt; 0.001). The findings showed that pregnant woman who were exposed to high levels of EMF had an increased risk of miscarriage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2023.30.5.6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T03:12:16Z","timestamp":1698894736000},"page":"70-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Abortion in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.21315","volume":"30","author":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morvarid","family":"Irani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Aradmehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ghorbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roya","family":"Baghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"8963","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"container-title":["Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T03:12:27Z","timestamp":1698894747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.mjms.usm.my\/MJMS30052023\/MJMS30052023_06.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21315\/mjms2023.30.5.6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1394-195X","2180-4303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1394-195X","type":"print"},{"value":"2180-4303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]}}}