{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:34:46Z","timestamp":1787024086459,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The dramatic increase in in-vitro resistance of antimicrobial agents, particularly beta-lactams and macrolides, makes pneumococcal infections difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to describe the drug resistance rate, assess the prevalence of macrolideresistant genes and review the clinical complications of pneumococcal infections among patients presented to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia.   Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. All S. pneumoniae isolates collected from clinical specimens within a 1-year period were subjected to selected antimicrobial susceptibility testing using E-test strips. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was conducted to detect macrolide-resistant determinants. The patient\u2019s clinical data were obtained from clinical notes.   Results: A total of 113 patients with a positive growth of S. pneumoniae were included in the study. The most common predisposing factors among them were bronchopulmonary diseases (15.9%). The penicillin-resistant rate was 7.1%, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 0.012 \u00b5g\/mL and &gt;32 \u00b5g\/mL, and the erythromycin-resistant rate was 26.5%, with a MIC range of 0.03 \u00b5g\/mL\u2013&gt; 256 \u00b5g\/mL. Most of the erythromycin-resistant isolates were found to have the mef(A) gene (50.4%) and the erm(B) gene (20%); 16.7% had a combination of genes mef(A) and erm(B), and 13.3% had none of the two genes. Community-acquired pneumonia is the predominant type of pneumococcal infection. There was no significant association between the presence of macrolide resistance determinants and mortality (P = 0.837) or complications (P &gt; 0.999 for empyema and cardiac complication; P = 0.135 for subdural abscess).   Conclusion: The majority of erythromycin-resistant isolates were found to have the mef(A) gene, followed by the erm(B) gene and a combination of genes mef(A) and erm(B).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2024.31.2.17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T04:03:55Z","timestamp":1714104235000},"page":"188-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Detection of Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Genes and Its Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.21315","volume":"31","author":[{"name":"Hospital Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Norliyana","family":"Wan Mahmud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Asma\u2019","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaidah","family":"Abd Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Nor Amilah","family":"Wan Abdul Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabilah","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"8963","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"container-title":["Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T04:04:23Z","timestamp":1714104263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.mjms.usm.my\/MJMS31022024\/MJMS31022024_17.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21315\/mjms2024.31.2.17","relation":{},"ISSN":["1394-195X","2180-4303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1394-195X","type":"print"},{"value":"2180-4303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]}}}