{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:11:10Z","timestamp":1791216670432,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]],"date-time":"2001-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":983404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012483","name":"University of Georgia Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of hydroxyapatite (HA) to reduce the solubility of metals, including the primary contaminants of concern, Ni and U, from contaminated sediments located on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site, near Aiken, SC. Hydroxyapatite was added to the sediments at application rates of 0, 5, 15.8, and 50 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> After equilibrating in either 0.02 <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> KCl or 0.01 <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, the samples were centrifuged and the supernatants filtered prior to metal, dissolved organic C, and PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> analyses. The treated soils were then air\u2010dried and changes in solid\u2010phase metal distribution were evaluated using sequential extractions and electron\u2010based microanalysis techniques. Hydroxyapatite was effective at reducing the solubility of U and, to a lesser degree, Ni. Hydroxyapatite was also effective in reducing the solubility of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Mn, and Pb. Sequential extractions indicate that HA transfers such metals from more chemically labile forms, such as the water\u2010soluble and exchangeable fractions, by altering solid\u2010phase speciation in favor of secondary phosphate precipitates. Hydroxyapatite effectiveness was somewhat reduced in the presence of soluble organics that likely increased contaminant metal solubility through complexation. Arsenic and Cr solubility increased with HA addition, suggesting that the increase in pH and competition from PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> reduced sorption of oxyanion contaminants. Energy dispersive x\u2010ray (EDXA) analysis conducted in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed that HA amendment sequesters U, Ni, Pb, and possibly other contaminant metals in association with secondary Al\u2010phosphates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2001.302460x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]],"date-time":"2010-06-14T02:46:01Z","timestamp":1276483561000},"page":"460-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Immobilization of Nickel and Other Metals in Contaminated Sediments by Hydroxyapatite Addition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"John C.","family":"Seaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Analytical Center for Environmental Sciences, Savannah River Ecology Lab. The Univ. of Georgia Drawer E Aiken SC 29802"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.Samuel","family":"Arey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Analytical Center for Environmental Sciences, Savannah River Ecology Lab. The Univ. of Georgia Drawer E Aiken SC 29802"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Bertsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Analytical Center for Environmental Sciences, Savannah River Ecology Lab. The Univ. of Georgia Drawer E Aiken SC 29802"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es980425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Batson V.1994.Surface water transport and distribution of uranium in contaminated sediments near a nuclear weapons processing facility. MS thesis. Texas A&M Univ. 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