{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T07:16:53Z","timestamp":1789888613487,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]],"date-time":"2001-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":993945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Centers for Excellence in Water Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Batch and dynamic leaching methods were used to evaluate the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite (HA), illite, and zeolite, alone and in combination, as soil additives for reducing the migration of cesium\u2010137 (<jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) and uranium (U) from contaminated sediments. Amendment treatments ranging from 0 to 50 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> were added to the sediment and equilibrated in 0.001 <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> After equilibration, the treatment supernatants were analyzed for <jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, U, PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, and other metals. The residual sediments were then extracted overnight using one of the following: 1.0 <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>Cl, 0.5 <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, or the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) extractant. Cesium was strongly sorbed to the contaminated sediments, presumably due to interlayer fixation within native illitic clays. In fact, <jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> was below detection limits in the initial equilibration solutions, the CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> extract, and the TCLP solution, regardless of amendment. Extractants selective for interlayer cations (1.0 <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>Cl) were necessary to extract measurable levels of <jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Addition of illitic clays further reduced Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> extractability, even when subjected to the aggressive extractants. Zeolite, however, was ineffective in reducing Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> mobility when subjected to the aggressive extractants. Hydroxyapatite was less effective than illite at reducing NH<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2013extractable Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Hydroxyapatite, and mixtures of HA with illite or zeolite, were highly effective in reducing U extractability in both batch and leaching tests. Uranium immobilization by HA was rapid with similar final U concentrations observed for equilibration times ranging from 1 h to 30 d. The current results demonstrate the effectiveness of soil amendments in reducing the mobility of U and Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, which makes in\u2010place immobilization an effective remediation alternative.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2001.3041206x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]],"date-time":"2010-06-14T03:14:41Z","timestamp":1276485281000},"page":"1206-1213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Immobilization of Cesium\u2010137 and Uranium in Contaminated Sediments Using Soil Amendments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"John C.","family":"Seaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Analytical Center for Environmental Sciences, Savannah River Ecology Lab. 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