{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:40:58Z","timestamp":1791855658326,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]],"date-time":"2002-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1036108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007636","name":"Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different application techniques on greenhouse gas emission from co\u2010fermented slurry. Ammonia (NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O), and methane (CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) emissions were measured in two field experiments with four different application techniques on arable and grassland sites. To gather information about fermentation effects, unfermented slurry was also tested, but with trail hose application only. Co\u2010fermented slurry was applied in April at a rate of 30 m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> Measurements were made every 4 h on the first day after application and were continued for 6 wk with gradually decreasing sampling frequency. Methane emissions were &lt;150 g C ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> from co\u2010fermentation products and seemed to result from dissolved CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> Only in the grassland experiment were emissions from unfermented slurry significantly higher, with wetter weather conditions probably promoting CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> production. Nitrous oxide emission was significantly increased by injection on arable and grassland sites two\u2010 and threefold, respectively. Ammonia emissions were smallest after injection or trail shoe application and are discussed in the preceding paper. We evaluated the climatic relevance of the measured gas emissions from the different application techniques based on the comparison of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> equivalents. It was evident that NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> emission reduction, which can be achieved by injection, is at least compensated by increased N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions. Our results indicate that on arable land, trail hose application with immediate shallow incorporation, and on grassland, trail shoe application, bear the smallest risks of high greenhouse gas emissions when fertilizing with co\u2010fermented slurry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2002.1795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]],"date-time":"2010-06-14T03:06:52Z","timestamp":1276484812000},"page":"1795-1801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":174,"title":["Application Technique and Slurry Co\u2010Fermentation Effects on Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane Emissions after Spreading"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Wulf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Nutrition University of Bonn Karlrobert\u2010Kreiten\u2010Str. 13 53115 Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Maeting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Nutrition University of Bonn Karlrobert\u2010Kreiten\u2010Str. 13 53115 Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Clemens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Nutrition University of Bonn Karlrobert\u2010Kreiten\u2010Str. 13 53115 Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2000.00472425002900010035x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003740050311"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.19971600409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003740050391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00747697"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004332209345"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(94)90008-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Exchange of trace gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere","author":"Firestone M.K.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2000.00472425002900010033x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(84)90123-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Nitrous oxide in agriculture","volume":"12","author":"Granli T.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nor. J. Agric. Sci. Suppl."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Houghton J.T.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1981.03615995004500020017x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories","author":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00361605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1995.03615995005900060027x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Arbeitspapier 249","author":"Kuhn E.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1999.634858x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009751210447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"535","article-title":"Reduktion von Ammoniakemissionen nach Ausbringung von Rinderfl\u00fcssigmist auf Acker\u2010und Gr\u00fcnlandstandorten: Vergleichende Untersuchungen mit Prallteller, Schleppschlauch und Injektion","volume":"158","author":"Mannheim T.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenkd."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1987.03615995005100050019x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjss89-006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1999.00472425002800050027x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(95)00150-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Measurement of ammonia emissions after slurry application to grassland: Influence of application techniques","volume":"13","author":"Reitz P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. Agrophys."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600075572"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600079016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(96)00146-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","volume-title":"Release 10.0.7","author":"SPSS","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Ammonia volatilization from arable land after field application of cattle slurry. 1. Field estimates","volume":"38","author":"Van der Molen J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neth. J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003740050520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.19971600226"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1995.tb01349.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00420561"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00150.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2000.642781x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2002.1789"}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Quality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2134%2Fjeq2002.1795","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2134\/jeq2002.1795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:49:28Z","timestamp":1760633368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2134\/jeq2002.1795"}},"subtitle":["II. Greenhouse Gas Emissions"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2134\/jeq2002.1795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/jeq2002.1795","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2425","1537-2537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2425","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-10-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-11-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}