{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T01:42:55Z","timestamp":1770514975118,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to demonstrate that simple fractionation and selective dissolution techniques can be used to provide detailed chemical and mineralogical analyses of flue gas desulfurization by\u2010products. The material studied was a mine grout prepared as a 1:1 mixture (wt.\/wt.) of fly ash (FA) and filter cake (FC) with hydrated lime (50 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) added to improve handling. The hydrated lime was composed mostly of calcite (CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), portlandite [Ca(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>], lime (CaO), and brucite [Mg(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>] (515, 321, 55, and 35 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively) and had low (&lt;6 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) concentrations of most trace elements. The FC contained hannebachite (CaSO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u00b70.5H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) (786 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) with smaller quantities (&lt;10 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) of calcite, quartz (SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), brucite, and gypsum (CaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u00b72H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O). Except for B and Cu, trace element concentrations were comparable to those in the hydrated lime. The FA contained both magnetic (222 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and nonmagnetic (778 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) fractions. The former was composed mostly of hematite (Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), magnetite (Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), and glass (272, 293, and 287 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively), whereas the latter was enriched in glass, quartz, and mullite (Al<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>Si<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>13<\/jats:sub>) (515, 243, and 140 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively). Etching with 1% HF showed that 60 to 100% of trace elements were concentrated in the glass, although some metals (Co, Cr, and Mn) were clearly enriched in the magnetic phase. The aged grout contained 147 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> ettringite [Ca<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>Al<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>(OH)<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\u00b726H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O] in addition to 314 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> hannebachite and 537 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> insoluble phases (mullite, quartz, hematite, magnetite, and glass).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2002.9790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T12:18:28Z","timestamp":1505823508000},"page":"979-988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Quantitative, Chemical, and Mineralogical Characterization of Flue Gas Desulfurization By\u2010Products"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Laperche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRSSP 930 Boulevard Lahure 59505 Douai cedex France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerry M.","family":"Bigham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State Univ., School of Natural Resources 2021 Coffey Road Columbus OH 43210"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Chemical characterization of fossil fuel wastes","author":"Ainsworth C.C.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Annual use survey","author":"American Coal Ash Association","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Chemistry and technology of lime and limestone","author":"Boyton R.S.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Clean Air Act Amendments.1990.Public Law 101\u2013549."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"The effect of secondary ettringite formation on the durability of concrete: A literature analysis","author":"Day R.L.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8846(83)90002-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","series-title":"SSSA Book Ser. 6","first-page":"505","volume-title":"Land application of agricultural, industrial, and municipal by\u2010products","author":"Dick W.A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"520","article-title":"Quantitative gasometric determination of calcite and dolomite by using the Chittick apparatus","volume":"32","author":"Dreimanis A.","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. 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