{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:29:34Z","timestamp":1791570574342,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Harmony Problems and Precision Agriculture"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ammonia (NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) emission from livestock production causes undesirable environmental effects and a loss of plant\u2010available nitrogen. Much atmospheric NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    is lost from livestock manure applied in the field. The NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    emission may be reduced by slurry injection, but slurry injection in general, and especially on grassland, increases the energy demand and places heavy demands on the slurry injection techniques used. The reduction in NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    emission, injection efficiency, and energy demand of six different shallow slurry\u2010injection techniques was examined. The NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    emission from cattle slurry applied to grassland was reduced by all the injectors tested in the study, but there were major differences in the NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction potential of the different types of injectors. Compared with the trailing hose spreading technique, the NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    loss was reduced by 75% when cattle slurry was injected using the most efficient slurry injection technique, and by 20% when incorporated by the least efficient injection technique. The reduction in NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    emission was correlated with injection depth and the volume of the slot created. The additional energy demand for reducing ammonia emissions by slurry injection was approximately 13 000 kJ ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for a 20% reduction and 34 000 kJ ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for a 75% reduction. The additional energy demand corresponds to additional emissions of, respectively, 5.6 and 14.5 kg CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    per ha injected.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2003.1099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]],"date-time":"2010-06-14T02:19:19Z","timestamp":1276481959000},"page":"1099-1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Reduction of Ammonia Emission by Shallow Slurry Injection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Martin N.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences P.O. Box 536 DK\u20108700 Horsens Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven G.","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences P.O. Box 536 DK\u20108700 Horsens Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels P.","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences P.O. Box 536 DK\u20108700 Horsens Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Ammonia Emission Rep. 3","author":"Bak J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.19971600202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Ammonia volatilization from nitric\u2010acid\u2010treated cattle slurry surface applied to grassland","volume":"42","author":"Bussink D.W.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neth. J. Agric. 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