{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:35:58Z","timestamp":1761647758357,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]],"date-time":"2003-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1057017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>On military training ranges, low\u2010order, incomplete detonations deposit RDX (hexahydro\u20101,3,5\u2010trinitro\u20101,3,5\u2010triazine) into surface soils. In this study, we evaluated RDX biodegradation in surface soils obtained from a military training range in Alaska. Two factors were compared: (i) soil water potential during the incubations; and (ii) the use of acetonitrile (ACN) as an RDX carrier to spike samples. Organic solvents have been used in laboratory studies to dissolve slightly water\u2010soluble contaminants before addition to soil. We added ACN to obtain final soil ACN concentrations of 0 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (0%), 1000 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (0.1%) and 10 000 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (1%). We then compared RDX attenuation in the soil under saturated and unsaturated conditions. RDX fell below the limit of detection within 3 wk of study initiation under the saturated condition. A maximum degradation rate of 0.15 mg RDX L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> d<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> was measured. Under the unsaturated condition, 42% of the original RDX was still present at study termination (5 wk). The addition of acetonitrile at 0.1 or 1.0% had no affect on RDX loss in the saturated soil. In the unsaturated soil, however, ACN at 1.0% inhibited RDX loss by as much as 25%. These findings indicate that soil water potential and carrier solvent concentrations can impact the rate and extent to which RDX is attenuated in a surface soil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2003.1244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]],"date-time":"2010-06-14T03:25:31Z","timestamp":1276485931000},"page":"1244-1249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["RDX Loss in a Surface Soil under Saturated and Well Drained Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"D. B.","family":"Ringelberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army ERDC\u2010CRREL 72 Lyme Rd. Hanover NH 03755"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army ERDC\u2010CRREL 72 Lyme Rd. Hanover NH 03755"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army ERDC\u2010CRREL 72 Lyme Rd. Hanover NH 03755"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. F.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army ERDC\u2010CRREL 72 Lyme Rd. Hanover NH 03755"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02097406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.61.4.1318-1322.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-8305(98)80009-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.4.1808-1816.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(97)00172-7"},{"volume-title":"Experimental holding times for nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives in soil","year":"1993","author":"Grant C.L.","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Bioremediation of nitroaromatic and haloaromatic compounds","author":"Guiot S.R.","year":"1999"},{"volume-title":"Environmental health criteria 154: Acetonitrile","year":"1993","author":"Hashimoto K.","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002530000445"},{"volume-title":"Characterization of explosives contamination at military firing ranges","year":"2001","author":"Jenkins T.F.","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c26"},{"volume-title":"Final Rep., Phase II. 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