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Samples were taken at five natural sites polluted by various pollutants (NO, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, other NO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>). The results show a decrease in total phenol concentrations with levels of nitrogen oxide pollutions (significant negative correlations between the total phenol concentrations and concentrations of NO, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and other NO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>). Total flavonoids (total flavonols and proanthocyanidins) are useful bioindicators for ozone pollution (significant negative correlations between total proanthocyanidins and the concentrations of ozone and significant positive correlations between total flavonols and the ozone pollution). Sulfur dioxide pollution is distinguished by low concentrations in quercetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol (significant negative correlations between these simple flavonols and the concentrations of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). This work confirms the strong interest of using the phenolic compounds of <jats:italic>Pinus halepensis<\/jats:italic> as biological indicators of air quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2003.2265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]],"date-time":"2010-06-14T02:25:44Z","timestamp":1276482344000},"page":"2265-2271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Phenols and Flavonoids in Aleppo Pine Needles as Bioindicators of Air Pollution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Robles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LBEM\/IMEP\u2013UMR CNRS 6116 Universit\u00e9 de Provence Centre de St. J\u00e9rome Case 421 Bis 13 397 Marseille, Cedex 20 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Greff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LBEM\/IMEP\u2013UMR CNRS 6116 Universit\u00e9 de Provence Centre de St. J\u00e9rome Case 421 Bis 13 397 Marseille, Cedex 20 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanina","family":"Pasqualini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Corse Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Equipe Ecosyst\u00e8mes littoraux B.P. 52 20250 Corte France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Garzino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LBEM\/IMEP\u2013UMR CNRS 6116 Universit\u00e9 de Provence Centre de St. J\u00e9rome Case 421 Bis 13 397 Marseille, Cedex 20 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bousquet\u2010M\u00e9lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LBEM\/IMEP\u2013UMR CNRS 6116 Universit\u00e9 de Provence Centre de St. J\u00e9rome Case 421 Bis 13 397 Marseille, Cedex 20 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LBEM\/IMEP\u2013UMR CNRS 6116 Universit\u00e9 de Provence Centre de St. J\u00e9rome Case 421 Bis 13 397 Marseille, Cedex 20 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Korboulewsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LBEM\/IMEP\u2013UMR CNRS 6116 Universit\u00e9 de Provence Centre de St. J\u00e9rome Case 421 Bis 13 397 Marseille, Cedex 20 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Bonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LBEM\/IMEP\u2013UMR CNRS 6116 Universit\u00e9 de Provence Centre de St. J\u00e9rome Case 421 Bis 13 397 Marseille, Cedex 20 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Bilan de la p\u00e9riode 1998\/1999","author":"AIRFOBEP","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(94)P2611-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1996.tb01868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2002.10470825","article-title":"Sampling frequency guidance for ambient air toxics monitoring","volume":"52","author":"Bortnick S.M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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