{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:31:53Z","timestamp":1760661113514,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Energy Savannah River Site"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006959","name":"USDA-Forest Service","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DE-AI09-76SR00056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AI09-76SR00056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006959","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three low\u2010volume mini\u2010sprinklers were tested for their efficacy to strip trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) from water. Deionized water spiked with TCE and PCE was pumped for approximately 1 h at 0.19 to 0.21 MPa (28 to 30 lb in<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>) through a mini\u2010sprinkler supported on top of a 1.8\u2010m\u2010tall riser. Water was collected in collection vessels at 0.61 and 1.22 m above the ground on support columns that were spaced at 0.61\u2010m intervals from the riser base, and samples were composited per height and distance from the riser. Overall, air\u2010stripping reduced dissolved concentrations of TCE and PCE by 99.1 to 100 and 96.9 to 100%, respectively, from mean influent dissolved concentrations of 466 to 1675 \u03bcg L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> TCE and 206 to 940 \u03bcg L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> PCE. In terms of mass removed, the mini\u2010sprinklers removed TCE and PCE at a rate of approximately 1400 to 1700 and 700 to 900 \u03bcg L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively, over a 1\u2010h test period. Mini\u2010sprinklers offer the advantages of (i) easy setup in series that can be used on practically any terrain; (ii) operation over a long period of time that does not threaten aquifer depletion; (iii) use in small or confined aquifers in which the capacity is too low to support large irrigation or purging systems; and (iv) use in forests in which the small, low\u2010impact droplets of the mini\u2010sprinklers do not damage bark and in which trees can help manage (via evapotranspiration) excess waste water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2003.8010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,2]],"date-time":"2012-08-02T16:05:58Z","timestamp":1343923558000},"page":"801-815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of Mini\u2010Sprinklers to Strip Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene from Contaminated Ground Water"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yvette C.","family":"Berisford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural and Environmental Services Laboratories, Pesticide and Hazardous Wastes Laboratory Univ. of Georgia 2300 College Station Road Athens GA 30605"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parshall B.","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural and Environmental Services Laboratories, Pesticide and Hazardous Wastes Laboratory Univ. of Georgia 2300 College Station Road Athens GA 30605"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John I.","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Forest Service Savannah River Site, P.O. 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