{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:32:51Z","timestamp":1790749971263,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["98316317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["98316317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the UK, the Environmental Quality Standard for manganese has recently been lowered to 30 \u03bcg\/L (annual average), which is less than the UK Drinking Water Inspectorate's Maximum Permitted Concentration Value (50 \u03bcg\/L). Current passive treatment systems for manganese removal operate as open\u2010air gravel\u2010bed filters, designed to maximize either influent light and\/or dissolved oxygen. This requires large areas of land. A novel enhanced bioremediation treatment system for manganese removal has been developed that consists of a passively aerated subsurface gravel bed. The provision of air at depth and the use of catalytic substrates help overcome the slow kinetics usually associated with manganese oxidation. With a residence time of only 8 h and an influent manganese concentration of approximately 20 mg\/L, &gt;95% of the manganese was removed. The treatment system also operates successfully at temperatures as low as 4\u00b0C and in total darkness. These observations have positive implications for manganese treatment using this technique in both colder climates and where large areas of land are unavailable. Furthermore, as the operation of this passive treatment system continually generates fresh manganese oxyhydroxide, which is a powerful sorbent for most pollutant metals, it potentially has major ancillary benefits as a removal process for other metals, such as zinc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.0300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,11]],"date-time":"2005-05-11T20:29:53Z","timestamp":1115843393000},"page":"987-993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Rapid Manganese Removal from Mine Waters Using an Aerated Packed\u2010Bed Bioreactor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Durham Durham DH1 3LE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul L.","family":"Younger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRES, University of Newcastle Newcastle on Tyne NE1 7RU UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2175\/106143004X141780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1969.03615995003300030030x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(74)90111-2","article-title":"Deposition of deep\u2010sea manganese nodules","volume":"38","author":"Crerar D.A.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Geology and geochemistry of manganese","author":"Giovanoli R.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-6593.1999.tb01014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Bureau of Mines Info. Circ. 9389","author":"Hedin R.S.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ba-1968-0073.ch021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022107520836"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2462\/09670513.816","article-title":"The importance of aeration in passive treatment schemes for manganese removal. (2)","volume":"11","author":"Johnson K.L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Land Contamination Reclamation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"8th Int. Mine Water Association Congress","author":"Johnson K.L.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"347","volume-title":"Mine water hydrogeology and geochemistry","author":"Johnson K.L.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(94)90226-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0095-8522(64)90036-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Constructed wetlands for water quality improvement","author":"Nairn B.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Microbial geochemistry","author":"Nealson K.H.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Manganese mineralisation: Geochemistry and mineralogy of terrestrial and marine deposits","author":"Nicholson K.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-1223(95)00503-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"1219","article-title":"Mineralogy of manganese dendrites and coatings","volume":"64","author":"Potter R.M.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. Mineral."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-197601000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"1059","volume-title":"Proc. of the 20th Conf. for the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","author":"Rose A.W.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 227th National American Chemical Society Spring Meeting","author":"Shiller A.M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2175\/106143000X138111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(84)90149-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"The Pyrolusite Process: A bioremediation process for the abatements of acid mine drainage. (4)","volume":"30","author":"Vail W.J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Green Lands"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(80)90091-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00409-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0610-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(01)00808-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Quality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2134%2Fjeq2004.0300","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2134\/jeq2004.0300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T13:55:55Z","timestamp":1760622955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2134\/jeq2004.0300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2134\/jeq2004.0300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/jeq2004.0300","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2425","1537-2537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2425","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-08-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-05-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}