{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:20:13Z","timestamp":1760660413126,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Toxic metals removal from wastewater sewage sludge can be achieved through microbial processes involving <jats:italic>Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans<\/jats:italic> The oxidation of ferrous ions by <jats:italic>A. ferrooxidans<\/jats:italic>, cultured in sewage sludge filtrate, was studied in both batch and continuous flow stirred tank reactors. Sewage sludge filtrate containing natural nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) was recovered as effluent following the dehydration of a primary and secondary sludge mixture. Batch and continuous flow stirred tank reactor tests demonstrated that <jats:italic>A. ferrooxidans<\/jats:italic> were able to grow and completely oxidize ferrous iron in a culture medium containing more than 80% (v v<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) sewage sludge filtrate with 10 g Fe(II) L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> added. Toxic levels were reached when total organic carbon in the sewage sludge filtrate exceeded 250 mg L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> The ferric iron solution produced in the sludge filtrate by <jats:italic>A. ferrooxidans<\/jats:italic> was used to solubilize heavy metals in primary and secondary sludge. The solubilization of Cu, Cr, and Zn yielded 71, 49, and 80%, respectively. This is comparable with the yield percentages obtained using a FeCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> solution. The cost of treating wastewater sewage sludge by bioproducing a ferric ion solution from sewage sludge is three times less expensive than the conventional method requiring a commercial ferric chloride solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.0307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,11]],"date-time":"2005-05-11T20:29:53Z","timestamp":1115843393000},"page":"816-824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Bioproduction of Ferric Sulfate Used during Heavy Metals Removal from Sewage Sludge"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Drogui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la recherche scientifique (INRS\u2010Eau, Terre et Environnement) 490, rue de la Couronne Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada G1K 9A9"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Mercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la recherche scientifique (INRS\u2010Eau, Terre et Environnement) 490, rue de la Couronne Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada G1K 9A9"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Blais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la recherche scientifique (INRS\u2010Eau, Terre et Environnement) 490, rue de la Couronne Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada G1K 9A9"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater","year":"1999","author":"American Public Health Association","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00183252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:5(516)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"691","article-title":"Bioleaching of metals from sewage sludge by sulfur\u2010oxidizing bacteria","volume":"118","author":"Blais J.F.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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