{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:52:16Z","timestamp":1788540736667,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Research has shown that alum [Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (SO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00b714H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O] applications to poultry litter can greatly reduce phosphorus (P) runoff, as well as decrease ammonia (NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) volatilization. However, the long\u2010term effects of fertilizing with alum\u2010treated litter are unknown. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long\u2010term effects of normal poultry litter, alum\u2010treated litter, and ammonium nitrate (NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) on aluminum (Al) availability in soils, Al uptake by tall fescue (\n                    <jats:italic>Festuca arundinacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    Schreb.), and tall fescue yields. A long\u2010term study was initiated in April of 1995. There were 13 treatments (unfertilized control, four rates of normal litter, four rates of alum\u2010treated litter, and four rates of NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in a randomized block design. All fertilizers were broadcast applied to 52 small plots (3.05 \u00d7 1.52 m) cropped to tall fescue annually in the spring. Litter application rates were 2.24, 4.49, 6.73, and 8.98 Mg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (1, 2, 3, and 4 tons acre\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ); NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    rates were 65, 130, 195, and 260 kg N ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and were based on the amount of N applied with alum\u2010treated litter. Soil pH, exchangeable Al (extracted with potassium chloride), Al uptake by fescue, and fescue yields were monitored periodically over time. Ammonium nitrate applications resulted in reductions in soil pH beginning in Year 3, causing exchangeable Al values to increase from less than 1 mg Al kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    soil in Year 2 to over 100 mg Al kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    soil in Year 7 for many of the NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    plots. In contrast, normal and alum\u2010treated litter resulted in an increase in soil pH, which decreased exchangeable Al when compared to unfertilized controls. Severe yield reductions were observed with NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    beginning in Year 6, which were due to high levels of acidity and exchangeable Al. Aluminum uptake by forage and Al runoff from the plots were not affected by treatment. Fescue yields were highest with alum\u2010treated litter (annual average = 7.36 Mg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), followed by normal litter (6.93 Mg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    (6.16 Mg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and the control (2.89 Mg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). These data indicate that poultry litter, particularly alum\u2010treated litter, may be a more sustainable fertilizer than NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.0472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,7]],"date-time":"2005-11-07T20:33:12Z","timestamp":1131395592000},"page":"2104-2111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Long\u2010Term Effects of Poultry Litter, Alum\u2010Treated Litter, and Ammonium Nitrate on Aluminum Availability in Soils"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"P. A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Plant Sciences 115 University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. R.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, 128 Agricultural Engineering Building University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546\u20100276"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/agronmonogr12.2ed"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater","author":"American Public Health Association","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS19840008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1983.00021962007500010037x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.28802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8524(92)90094-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1993.00472425002200020017x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Performance of a rainfall simulator for water quality research","volume":"41","author":"Edwards D.R.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arkansas Farm Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.4020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.43.3.708-714.1982","article-title":"Geosmin and 2\u2010methylisoborneol from cyanobacteria in three water supply systems","volume":"43","author":"Izaguirre G.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Appl. 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