{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:39:22Z","timestamp":1770748762777,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>We wanted to test the hypothesis that forest exposure to phytotoxic gases indirectly affects their carbon uptake. We estimated that the reduction of photosynthesis may have reached 20 to 30% at a site located 9 km (test site) from the Horne copper smelter in Rouyn\u2013Noranda, which is a point source of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> Twenty\u2010one spruce trees older than 100 yr were selected from seven sites at various distances from the smelter to evaluate conditions prior to and during the periods of smelter operation. The carbon isotope results obtained from spruce tree rings at our test site reveal an unprecedented and abrupt shift of +4\u2030 after the onset of smelter operations. This large and permanent shift exceeds natural variations in regional pre\u2010smelter series or in the series at a remote control site. All trees up to 116 km downwind from the smelter show \u03b4<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C positive shifts following the onset of operations. There is also a clear inverse relationship between the amplitude of the first\u2010order trends and distance from the smelter. Those \u03b4<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C trends indicate that trees exposed to high levels of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> decrease their level of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> uptake through activation of stomatal closure. This is strongly supported by the significant departure of the Rouyn\u2013Noranda trends from those measured for trees from non\u2010industrialized areas of the Northern Hemisphere, or calculated using global atmospheric conditions. Considering the large number of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> point sources in North America, our results imply that CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> uptake by the boreal forest in the vicinity of these sources may be lower than previously thought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.1300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T11:06:58Z","timestamp":1374664018000},"page":"13-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effects of Smelter Sulfur Dioxide Emissions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Martine M.","family":"Savard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Canada Geological Survey of Canada 880 Chemin Ste\u2010Foy Bureau 840 QC Canada G1S 2L2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"B\u00e9gin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Canada Geological Survey of Canada 880 Chemin Ste\u2010Foy Bureau 840 QC Canada G1S 2L2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Canada Geological Survey of Canada 880 Chemin Ste\u2010Foy Bureau 840 QC Canada G1S 2L2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Smirnoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Canada Geological Survey of Canada 880 Chemin Ste\u2010Foy Bureau 840 QC Canada G1S 2L2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00eblle","family":"Marion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRS\u2010ETE 880 Chemin Ste\u2010Foy, Bureau 840, B.P. 7500 Sainte\u2010Foy QC Canada G1V 4C7"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"The Canadian system of soil classification","author":"Agriculture Canada Expert Committee on Soil Survey","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"530","volume-title":"Proc. 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